2.1.1 Carbohydrates Flashcards
Which of the following has a characteristics of trioses
a. D-glyceraldehyde
b. D-Eythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
a
Which of the following has a characteristics of tetroses
a. D-glyceraldehyde
b. D-Eythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
b
Which of the following has a characteristics of Pentoses
a. D-glyceraldehyde
b. D-Eythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
c
Which of the following has a characteristics of Hexoses
a. D-glyceraldehyde
b. D-Eythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
def
Which of the following has a characteristics of ketoses
a. D-glyceraldehyde
b. D-Eythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
f
Since there is double bound O in second to the last
Which of the following has a characteristics of aldose
a. D-glyceraldehyde
b. D-Eythrose
c. L-Ribose
d. D-Glucose
e. D-Galactose
f. D-Fructose
All except F
Double bound O is at the End
D isomer is more predominant than L isomers
T or F
T
The following are caracteristics of CHO
- Form glycosidic bonds with other carbohydrates and with noncarbohydrates
- Modify proteins and their function by glycosylation
- Some are reducing substances
Which of the following does not belong?
NONE
Reducing substances are known as ____________ group
Hemiacetal
Sugar that does not have a hemiacetal group?
a. Sucrose
b. Lactose
c. Glucose
d. Fructose
a
Glucose and Carbohydrate metabolism (In general) are regulated by?
a. Vitamins
b. Hormones
c. DIetary supplement
d. Enzymes
b
Hormonal Regulation Part 1:
Glucose is taken up by the body and into the cell which is known as ________ uptake
Cellular
Hormonal Regulation Part 2:
Upon cellular uptake, Glucose under go _____________ that turns glucose into Glucose-__-_____ which is a FORM of glucose INSIDE of a CELL
Phosphorylation
Glucose-6-PO4
Hormonal Regulation Part 3:
The main purpose of glucose in cell is to create ATP
T or F
t
Hormonal Regulation Part 4:
The process of turning G-6-PO4 into Pyruvate with the production of energy is called?
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Glycolysis
d
Hormonal Regulation Part 5:
If glucose is present in excess and demand is already been met, the G6P turns into glycogen in the process called?
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Glycolysis
b
Storage form of glucose
Glycogen
Hormonal Regulation Part 6:
If their is lack of glucose in the body, glycogen is used to meet the demend, it will convert it into G6P in the process called?
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Glycolysis
c
Hormonal Regulation Part 7:
If their is lack of glucose AND glycogen that does not meet the demand of the body, it will get it from non-carbohydrate source such as:
Pyruvate
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Enzymes
Which does not belong?
Enzymes
Hormonal Regulation Part 8:
If their is lack of glucose AND glycogen that does not meet the demand of the body, it will get it from non-carbohydrate source such as:
Pyruvate
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Enzymes
Which does not belong?
Enzymes
Hormonal Regulation Part 9:
If their is lack of glucose AND glycogen does not meet the demand, it will use a noncarbohydrate source to turn it into G6P in the process called?
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Glycolysis
a
Hormonal Regulation Part 10:
Pyruvate turns in Acetyl CoA and can be used in?
- Synthesis of Amino acids
- Synthesis of fatty acids
- Used in Kreb cycle
Which of the following does not belong?
Synthesis of amino acids
NOTE:
Kreb cycle = (TCA cycle)
Hormonal Regulation Part 11:
Since Acetyl CoA is used for the synthesis of Fatty acids, these fatty acids can be stored in the form of
a. Triglyceride
b. Triacylglycerol
c. Glycogen
d. Glucose
b
Hormonal Regulation Part 12:
The process of Storing lipids in the body in the form of triacylglycerol?
Lipogenesis
Hormonal Regulation Part 13:
The process of using triacylglycerol to form Fatty acids is called?
Lipolysis
Which among the following process are promoted by insulin
a. Glycolysis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Lipogenesis
e. Lipolysis
f. Gluconeogenesis
g. Cellular uptake
a,b,d,g
Major hyperglycemic hormone
Glucagon
Which among the following process are promoted by Glucagon
a. Glycolysis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Lipogenesis
e. Lipolysis
f. Gluconeogenesis
g. Cellular uptake
c and f
Lipolysis is primarily promoted by?
Cortisol and Epinephrine
Cortisol and Epinephrine are known as hypoglycemic hormone
T or F
F
Hyperglycemic
What are the glands that produces insulin?
Pancreas (Beta cells)
What are the glands that produces Glucagon?
Pancrease (alpha cells)
What are the glands that produces Somatostatin?
Pancrease (Delta cells)
AND
Hypothalamus
What are the glands that produces Cortisol?
Adrenal cortex
What are the glands that produces Ephinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
What are the glands that produces ACTH?
Anterior pituitary
What are the glands that produce GH?
Anterior pituitary gland
What are the glands that produce Thyroxine?
Thyroid
What are the glands that produce hPL?
Placenta
The only hypoglycemic hormone
Insulin
MOA of Insulin?
- Lowers the glucose through cellular uptake
- Increases glucose by storing it in a form of glycogen or in lipids in a form of Triacylglycerol
- Glycogenesis, glycolysis, lipogenesis
Which of the following does not belong?
Increase glucose, should be decrease glucose
Glucagon increases plasma glucose
T or F
T
MOA of glucagon
- Increase glucose through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
T or F
T
SOmatostatin, cortisol, Ephiephrine, ACTH, GH, thyroxine, hPL increases Plasma glucose
T or F
T
MOA of Somatostatin:
- Inhibits Insulin and ________
- ______________ regulation
Glucagon
Pancreatic
Somatostatin is known as _______ hormone since it
- secretes in secretory cells
- Located adjacently
Paracrine
A hormone that can enter the bloodstream and can target faraway organs is called?
Endocrine hormone
Cortisol promotes
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Lipolysis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Cellular uptake
a,b
Epinephrine promotes
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Lipolysis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Cellular uptake
c,b
ACTH promotes
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Lipolysis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Cellular uptake
a,c
Growth hormone promotes
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Lipolysis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Cellular uptake
NONE
it INHIBITS, Cellular uptake and Glycolysis
Thyroxine promotes
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Lipolysis
c. Glycogenolysis
d. Cellular uptake
a, c W/ Intestinal abs. of glucose
hPL inhibits INSULIN action similarly to ACTH
T or F
F
not ACTH, its GH
