3.3.2 Electrolytes (Sodium) Flashcards
Major Extracellular anion
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
c
Major intracellular cation
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
b
Major extracellular cation
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
a
Major Contributor to plasma osmolality
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
a
The renal threshold for sodium?
a. 110 - 130 mmol/L
b. 120 - 140 mmol/L
c. 136 - 145 mmol/L
d. 146 - 155 mmol/L
a
A reference value for Sodium
a. 110 - 130 mmol/L
b. 120 - 140 mmol/L
c. 136 - 145 mmol/L
d. 146 - 155 mmol/L
c
Panic value for Sodium:
Hyponatremia:
a. Less than or equal to 120 mmol/L
b. More than or equal to 160 mmol/L
c. Less than or equal to 160 mmol/L
d. More than or equal to 120 mmol/L
a
Panic value for Sodium:
Hypernatremia:
a. Less than or equal to 120 mmol/L
b. More than or equal to 160 mmol/L
c. Less than or equal to 160 mmol/L
d. More than or equal to 120 mmol/L
b
The major contributor for plasma oncotic pressure is _______ and for
plasma osmolality is Sodium.
Albumin
Most common method for Sodium?
a. ISE (Indirect ion-Specific Electrode)
b. Flame photometry
c. Albanese-lein
a
ISE of Sodium is ____ tip electrode
Glass
In ISE:
Sample is subjected to sodium measurement WITHOUT DILUTION
a. Direct
b. Indirect
a
In ISE:
Sample is subjected to sodium measurement WITH DILUTION
a. Direct
b. Indirect
b
In ISE:
Prone to Pseudohyponatremia
a. Direct
b. Indirect
b
Traditional colorimetric spectrophotometric method for sodium
a. ISE (Indirect ion-Specific Electrode)
b. Flame photometry
c. Albanese-lein
c
Use for Monovalent ions
a. ISE (Indirect ion-Specific Electrode)
b. Flame photometry
c. Albanese-lein
b
Color of sodium in Flame photometry?
a. Yellow
b. Violet
c. Red
a
In Hyponatremia:
Na loss is:_______
Water retention:_______
Both increased
Water retention influence DILUTION on Plasma or Extracellular water?
T or F
T
Water retention influence DILUTION on Plasma or Extracellular water which is called?
Dilutional hyponatremia
Dilutional hyponatremia is characterized by:
Osmotic pressure:__________
Hydrostatic pressure:_________
Decrease
Increase
Dilutional hyponatremia is associated with the following:
- Renal failure
- Congestive Heart failure
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Hepatic cirrhosis
T or F
T
Increased Sodium loss is known as?
Depletional hyponatremia
Addisons disease is known as decrease in?
Aldosterone
Salt losing nephropathy is a loss of sodium through the kidneys or through urine
T or F
T
Dilutional hyponatremia is associated with Addison’s Disease
T or F
F
Depletional hyponatremia
Depletional hyponatremia is associated with Diabetic ketoacidosis
T or F
T
Increase sodium loss
Increase Water Retention
a. Low plasma osmolality
b. Normal Plasma osmolality
c. High Plasma osmolality
a
- Hyperglycemia
- Mannitol infusion
a. Low plasma osmolality
b. Normal Plasma osmolality
c. High Plasma osmolality
c
- Increase non-sodium cations
- Pseudohyponatremia
- In vitro hemolysis
a. Low plasma osmolality
b. Normal Plasma osmolality
c. High Plasma osmolality
b
What are the electrolytes that is release due to hemolysis?
Magnesium and Potassium
Remember that they are Intracellular
In pseudohyponatremia;
Do not use indirect ISE if the patient has ______ plasma Protein/lipid
High
High osmolality indicates Sodium only
T or F
F
Major osmotic particles consist of Sodium, Glucose and BUN. If Sodium is low and Glucose is high, the glucose will cause high osmolality
Hypernatremia:
Na intake or retention: ________
Water loss:________
Increase
Increase
What type of hypernatremia is associated with Increase sodium intake or retention?
a. Absolute hypernatremia
b. Relative hypernatremia
a
What type of hypernatremia is associated with Increase water loss?
a. Absolute hypernatremia
b. Relative hypernatremia
b
Increase sodium retention is associated with what syndrome?
Hyperaldosteronism or Conn’s sndrome
Increase sodium intake is due to sodium bicarbonate over dose / Anticid
T or F
T
Increase water loss is due to:
- Dehydration
- Produse sweating
T or F
T
Diabetes insipidus is associated with RELATIVE hypernatremia
T or F
T
due to decrease in ADH production
- Partial AVP defect
- Osmotic diuresis
a. Uosm <300 mOSm/kg
b. Uosm 300-700 mOSm/kg
c. Uosm >700 mOSm/kg
b
Loss of thirst
insensible loss of H2O
Gi loss of fluid
Excess intake of Na
a. Uosm <300 mOSm/kg
b. Uosm 300-700 mOSm/kg
c. Uosm >700 mOSm/kg
c
DI
a. Uosm <300 mOSm/kg
b. Uosm 300-700 mOSm/kg
c. Uosm >700 mOSm/kg
a
