rubella pregnancy Flashcards
What is rubella and what causes it?
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection caused by the togavirus.
How common is rubella following the introduction of the MMR vaccine?
Following the introduction of the MMR vaccine, rubella is now rare.
What is the risk associated with contracting rubella during pregnancy?
If contracted during pregnancy, there is a risk of congenital rubella syndrome.
What is the incubation period for rubella?
The incubation period for rubella is 14-21 days.
When are individuals infectious with rubella?
Individuals with rubella are infectious from 7 days before symptoms appear to 4 days after the onset of the rash.
What is the risk of fetal damage if rubella is contracted in the first 8-10 weeks of pregnancy?
The risk of fetal damage is as high as 90% if rubella is contracted in the first 8-10 weeks of pregnancy.
What are the features of congenital rubella syndrome?
Features of congenital rubella syndrome include sensorineural deafness, congenital cataracts, congenital heart disease (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus), growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, purpuric skin lesions, ‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis, microphthalmia, and cerebral palsy.
How is rubella diagnosed in pregnant women?
Rubella is diagnosed in pregnant women by raised IgM antibodies in those recently exposed to the virus.
Why is it important to check for parvovirus B19 serology in suspected rubella cases?
It is important to check for parvovirus B19 serology because there is a 30% risk of transplacental infection and a 5-10% risk of fetal loss.
How should suspected cases of rubella in pregnancy be managed?
Suspected cases of rubella in pregnancy should be discussed with the local Health Protection Unit.
Is rubella immunity routinely checked at the booking visit since 2016?
Since 2016, rubella immunity is no longer routinely checked at the booking visit.
What advice should be given to women who are not immune to rubella?
Women who are not immune to rubella should be advised to keep away from people who might have rubella.
When should non-immune mothers be offered the MMR vaccination?
Non-immune mothers should be offered the MMR vaccination in the post-natal period.
Should MMR vaccines be administered to pregnant women or those attempting to become pregnant?
MMR vaccines should not be administered to women known to be pregnant or attempting to become pregnant.
