Menopause_management (1) Flashcards
What is menopause?
Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation. It is caused by the loss of follicular activity. Menopause is a clinical diagnosis usually made in primary care when a woman has not had a period for 12 months.
What percentage of postmenopausal women experience menopausal symptoms?
Roughly 75% of postmenopausal women experience menopausal symptoms.
How long do menopausal symptoms typically last?
Symptoms typically last for 7 years but may resolve quicker and in some cases take much longer.
What are the three categories of menopause management?
Lifestyle modifications, Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), Non-hormone replacement therapy.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage hot flushes during menopause?
Regular exercise, weight loss, and stress reduction.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage sleep disturbance during menopause?
Avoiding late evening exercise and maintaining good sleep hygiene.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage mood during menopause?
Sleep, regular exercise, and relaxation.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage cognitive symptoms during menopause?
Regular exercise and good sleep hygiene.
What are the contraindications for HRT?
Current or past breast cancer, Any oestrogen-sensitive cancer, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Untreated endometrial hyperplasia.
What percentage of women use HRT to treat menopausal symptoms?
Roughly 10% of women.
What should be avoided if a woman with a uterus is given HRT?
Unopposed oestrogens as it will increase her risk of endometrial cancer.
What are the risks associated with HRT?
Venous thromboembolism, Stroke, Coronary heart disease, Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer.
What medications can be used to manage vasomotor symptoms if not using HRT?
Fluoxetine, citalopram, or venlafaxine.
What can be used to manage vaginal dryness during menopause?
Vaginal lubricant or moisturiser.
What can be used to manage psychological symptoms during menopause?
Self-help groups, cognitive behavior therapy, or antidepressants.