Pharmocology

Question 1

Ondansetron:

Answer 1

Ondansetron prolongs the QT interval, which increases the risk for cardiac dysrhythmias
such as torsades de pointes. Monitor ECG in high-risk clients (pre-existing heart conditions, electrolyte abnormalities).

Question 2

Laxative contraindications:

Answer 2

Laxatives are contraindicated in clients with bowel obstruction due to risk for perforation.

Question 3

Bulk-forming laxatives:
methylcellulose
psyllium

Answer 3

Take bulk-forming laxatives (psyllium, methylcellulose) with a full glass of wateror juice (>8 oz
[240mL]) to prevent bowel obstruction.

Question 4

Antidiarrheals:

Answer 4

Antidiarrheals are contraindicated
in cases of infectious diarrhea, such as C. difficile.

Question 5

Bismuth subsalicylate:

Answer 5

Bismuth subsalicylate
can cause blackening of the stools and tongue,
a harmless side effect.
Risk for Reye syndrome: Avoid use in children with viral
infections.

Question 6

Emollient
docusate
mineral oil

Answer 6

Take with full glass of water.

Question 7

Osmotic Laxatives
lactulose
polyethylene glycol

Answer 7

Monitor for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Lactulose is also used to decrease ammonia levels in
client with liver disease.

Question 8

Stimulant Laxatives
senna
bisacodyl

Answer 8

Avoid long-term use: increase risk for dependence and
electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia)

Question 9

Opioid
Antidiarrheals
loperamide
diphenoxylate

Answer 9

May cause drowsiness
Do not combine with alcohol (risk for CNS depression).