mental health

Question 1

Schizophrenia is a chronic condition caused by

Answer 1

dysregulation of dopamine - Alters thoughts and
perception of reality -Significant alterations in
behavior and functional impairment

Question 2

Symptoms

Answer 2

begin in the late teens to early adulthood
and progress to acute psychosis.
Having a first-degree relative with the diseaserisk.
Symptoms are classified as positive or negative

Question 3

Interventions

Answer 3

Ensuring safety
2. Reinforcing reality
3. using reinforced communication
4. Maintaining a calm and structured environment
Schizophrenia

Question 4

Signs of increase agitation

Answer 4

The nurse must assess for command
hallucinations or increasing agitation
(pacing, shouting), which are warning signs
of violence.

Question 5

Assess for suicidal ideation.

Answer 5

Clients with schizophrenia are at increase risk for suicide

Question 6

Positive (+)
Extra symptoms not normally present
(worse during acute psychosis)

Answer 6

Delusions (false beliefs)
Paranoid: “Spies are watching me.”
Persecutory: “My food is being poisoned.”
Grandiose: “I am the chosen one.”
Hallucinations (false sensory experiences: visual,
auditory, gustatory, olfactory, or tactile)
Disorganized thinking (fragmented, illogical, or
difficult-to-follow thoughts)
Mimicking movements (echopraxia) and mimicking
sounds or words (echolalia)

Question 7

Negative (-)Absence of normal behaviors or functioning

Answer 7

Catatonia (psychologically induced immobility)
The 6 As:
Avolition (lack of motivation)
Anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)
Asocial behaviors (social withdrawal)
Anergia (lack of energy)
Alogia (limited speech)
Apathy (lack of emotion)

Question 8

Interventions

Answer 8

If warning signs of violence are present, the nurse
should increase staff supervision, restrict access
to dangerous items, and move the client to a quiet
space away from peers.
The nurse should reinforce reality by distracting the
client from delusions and hallucinations with simple,
reality-based activities (music, card games).

Question 9

Drugs
Antipsychotics
First-generation
(typical)
haloperidol
fluphenazine
chlorpromazine

Second-
generation

(atypical)
risperidone
ziprasidone
clozapine

Answer 9

Regulate dopamine levels
Common side effects:
Orthostatic hypotension
Sedation
Anticholinergic side effects
Extrapyramidal symptoms
(akathisia, dystonia)

Question 10

Life-threatening side effects:

Answer 10

Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome: Monitor for
fever and muscle rigidity.
Severe neutropenia (risk
with clozapine): Monitor for
signs of infection (chills,
sore throat).

Question 11

ANTICHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS

Answer 11

Can’t See-blurry vision
Can’t Pee-urinary retention
Can’t Shit-constipation
Can’t Spit-dry mouth