Pharmocology

Question 1

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS):

Answer 1

Fever,
muscle rigidity, and altered mental status are
symptoms of NMS; the nurse should intervene
immediately by discontinuing the antipsychotic
and notifying the HCP.

Question 2

Extrapyramidal side effects (TD, akathisia,
dystonia):

Answer 2

Monitor for abnormal or involuntary
movements.

Question 3

Orthostatic hypotension and anticholinergic
effects:

Answer 3

Teach clients to change positions slowly,
manage dry mouth using sugar-free candy or
beverages, and encourage increased fluid and
fiber intake to prevent constipation.

Question 4

Agranulocytosis:

Answer 4

Clozapine can cause
agranulocytosis; immediately report signs of
infection such as fever, sore throat, and chills.

Question 5

Conventional (first-
generation) antipsychotics

chlorpromazine
fluphenazine
thioridazine
haloperidol

Answer 5

Cautions:
NMS: Life-threatening reaction
to antipsychotics characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status
Considerations:
EPS (akathisia, dystonia,
pseudoparkinsonism): Monitor for abnormal or involuntary movements.

Question 6

Atypical (second-
generation) antipsychotics

aripiprazole
clozapine
olanzapine
quetiapine
risperidone
ziprasidone

Answer 6

Cautions:
Agranulocytosis: Most likely to
occur with clozapine. Immediately report signs of infection (fever, sore
throat, chills).
Considerations:
Metabolic syndrome: Teach about healthy diet and exercise to manage weight.