Pharmocology

Question 1

Antihistamines: First-generation antihistamines
diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
loratadine
cetirizine

Answer 1

(diphenhydramine) cause sedation. Teach the client to avoid
tasks requiring alertness (driving).

Question 2

Remember the rhyme: Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit,
can’t (poop)
.

Answer 2

Nursing considerations
Contraindicated in clients with glaucoma
Urinary retention: Monitor for bladder distention.
Dry mouth: Offer sugar-free gum or candy.
Constipation: Encourage fluid and fiber intake to
prevent constipation.
Avoid use in elderly clients (increase risk for delirium, falls)

Question 3

Antitussives:
dextromethorphan
codeine

Answer 3

Antitussives are indicated for dry nonproductive cough. Avoid use for productive cough, which is beneficial to clear mucus.

Question 4

Decongestants:
pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine
oxymetazoline

Answer 4

Decongestants can increase
HR and BP; therefore, the nurse should assess for uncontrolled hypertension or cardiovascular
disease before administration

Question 5

Nasal decongestant sprays:

Answer 5

Use nasal
decongestant sprays (oxymetazoline) no longer
than 3 days to prevent rebound congestion.

Question 6

Respiratory
Vaccines

Answer 6

Influenza vaccine:
Recommended annually for
clients at high risk.
COVID-19 vaccines:risk of
severe illness, hospitalization,
and death

Question 7

Pneumococcal vaccine:

Answer 7

The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for adults >65 years and high-risk
groups (diabetes, COPD, immunosuppressed) to prevent pneumonia-related complications.