adult health

Question 1

ASCVD modifiable risk factors:
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 1

Reduce ASCVD risks by following the “simple 7”: Stop smoking, eat a healthy diet, be active, lose weight, manage BP, control cholesterol, and reduce blood sugar.

Question 2

Cardiac stress testing:

Answer 2

Clients undergoing
cardiac stress testing should avoid caffeine, nicotine, and beta-blockers on the day of the
test. Stop the test if client develops chest pain,
dyspnea, dizziness, or ECG changes.

Question 3

NTG and statins:

Answer 3

Teach client to store NTG in original
bottle and replace every 6 months. Instruct clients to sit
down before taking and not take erectile dysfunction
medications within 24 hours of NTG. Teach clients to take
a dose every 5 minutes for a maximum of three doses.
Clients taking statins should have liver function tests and
report signs of rhabdomyolysis, like muscle pain.

Question 4

Signs of ACS:

Answer 4

Classic signs of ACS include severe, crushing chest pain that can radiate to the jaw, arm,
or back; shortness of breath; diaphoresis; nausea; and vomiting. Clients who are female, older adults, or
have diabetes can have atypical symptoms (fatigue, indigestion, dyspnea) without chest pain. Immediate intervention includes obtaining an ECG and drawing troponin levels.

Question 5

Emergency interventions for acute coronary syndrome:

Answer 5

1. Position client upright to improve oxygenation.
2. Assess vital signs, ECG, and troponin levels.
   ECG assesses cardiac rhythm and for ST changes.
   STEMI: ST elevation = immediate cardiac catheterization that MUST be started ≤90 min

Question 6

Cardiac catheterization:

Answer 6

After a client undergoes cardiac catheterization via a femoral approach, keep the client on bed rest with the extremity straight for 6-8 hours. Monitor puncture site for hematoma and
bleeding and monitor perfusion status of the lower extremities.