Pharmocology

Question 1

Mixing insulins:

Answer 1

Do not mix insulin glargine in the same syringe with other insulins. When mixing
regular or rapid-acting insulins with NPH insulin, always draw up clear (regular or rapid-acting) before cloudy (NPH) to avoid contamination.

Question 2

Risk for hypoglycemia:

Answer 2

Clients receiving rapid-acting insulin (aspart, lispro) should start eating within 15 minutes of receiving their dose, and clients receiving short-acting (regular) insulin should start eating
within 30 minutes.

Question 3

Metformin:

Answer 3

Hold metformin for 48 hours before and after contrast dye administration to prevent
lactic acidosis.

Question 4

Incretins:

Answer 4

Clients taking incretins (semaglutide, saxagliptin) are at increased risk for pancreatitis.
Report severe abdominal pain immediately.

Question 5

SGLT-2 inhibitors:

Answer 5

Clients taking SGLT-2 inhibitors
(dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) are at increased risk for urinary and genital tract infections and
dehydration.

Question 6

Sulfonylureas
glipizide
glimepiride
glyburide

Answer 6

Risk for hypoglycemia: Hold if NPO. Will cause disulfiram-like reaction: Avoid alcohol.

Question 7

Alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors
acarbose

Answer 7

Take with first bite of meal.
Causes GI upset

Question 8

Thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone
rosiglitazone

Answer 8

increase risk for heart failure: Monitor for symptoms (rapid
weight gain, dyspnea).

Question 9

SYMPTOMS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

Answer 9

Confusion, irritability
Tremor, diaphoresis
Palpitations, tachycardia
If severe: Seizure, coma, death