Pharmocology

Question 1

Orthostatic hypotension:

Answer 1

Teach clients taking
diuretics to change positions slowly to prevent
dizziness and falls.

Question 2

Urinary frequency:

Answer 2

Give diuretics in the
morning to prevent nocturia, which disturbs
sleep and increases the risk for falls.

Question 3

Ototoxicity:

Answer 3

Administer IV furosemide slowly
over 1-2 minutes because rapid administration causes ototoxicity.

Question 4

Risk for hypokalemia:
Loop diuretics
bumetanide
furosemide
torsemide

Answer 4

Teach clients taking
potassium-wasting (thiazide and loop) diuretics to eat potassium-rich foods such as bananas,
oranges, and potatoes.
Cautions
Hypokalemia: Immediately report irregular pulse or muscle cramps.

Question 5

Risk for hyperkalemia:
Potassium-
sparing diuretics
spironolactone
triamterene

Answer 5

Teach clients taking
potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone) to avoid high-potassium foods and salt
substitutes.
Cautions
Hyperkalemia: Immediately report irregular pulse or muscle weakness. Avoid in clients
with renal failure. Avoid combining with ACE inhibitors and potassium supplements.

Question 6

Thiazide diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 6

Cautions
Hypokalemia: Immediately report irregular pulse or muscle cramps.
Considerations
Hyperglycemia: Monitor glucose levels in clients with diabetes.