mental health Flashcards
ADHD & Autism
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and
Difficulties with social interaction and
repetitive motor behaviors (hand flapping, head
banging)
autism spectrum disorder(ASD) are disorders that
impact behavior, communication, and social skills.
ADHD:
Difficulties regulating attention and activity
ASD: autism spectrum disorder
Difficulties with social interaction and
repetitive motor behaviors (hand flapping, head
banging)
Assessment findings: ADHD
Inattention: Struggles to focus and complete tasks Hyperactivity: Restless, difficulty sitting still
Impulsivity: Acts without thinking, interrupts or talks
over others
Symptoms: ADHD
cause low self-esteem, poor social
skills, and poor academic performance, negatively
impacting relationships.
Nursing considerations
1.Environmental modifications:Maintain a consistent and structured
daily routine.
Minimize distractions (remove clutter from
workspace, turn off TV and radio).
2. Behavioral support:Provide positive reinforcement for appropriate
behaviors to foster self-esteem.
Praise or reward client for meeting
expectations.
Avoid harsh language or punishment.
3. Clear, simple communication: Break down complex tasks into specific steps.
Assess understanding (have client repeat instructions back).
4. Medication management
ADHD Meds
methylphenidate
(Ritalin)
amphetamines
(Adderall)
Cautions:
Risk for addiction,
dependence, and misuse
Considerations: Insomnia: Avoid late afternoon dosing.
Appetite and growth
suppression: Monitor
height and weight;
encourage healthy
breakfast and high-calorie
snacks.
CNS stimulation: Monitor
forHR and BP.
Non-stimulants
atomoxetine
(Strattera)
Considerations:
Takes several weeks to
become effective
CNS activation: Monitor
for high BP, high HR, and weight
loss due to low appetite.
Antihypertensives
guanfacine
clonidine
Cautions:
Hypotension: Monitor
for low BP, dizziness, and
syncope.
Autism interventions: .
Implement safety precautions for harmful behaviors (helmet for head banging),
provide familiar comfort items, and maintain consistent rules and routines to reduce stress
Provide familiar comfort items like a favorite toy,
blanket, or music to lower stress.
sensory triggers (dim lights, minimize noise).
Nursing considerations
Care for the client with ASD involves:
- Early screening and intervention
- Safety and sensory management
- Promoting communication and socialization
- Maintaining consistency and routine
Symptoms range on a spectrum from mild to
severe, requiring different levels of support.
Risk factors:
Genetics ( increase risk if family member has ASD) Evidence does not support a link between
immunizations and autism. Typically diagnosed before 3 years of age when
developmental delays become apparent.
