Pharmocology

Question 1

Orthostatic hypotension:

Answer 1

Teach clients
taking antihypertensives to change positions
slowly.

Question 2

Rebound hypertension:

Answer 2

Teach clients not to
abruptly stop antihypertensive medications,
as this can cause rebound hypertension.

Question 3

Beta blockers:

Answer 3

Hold dose and notify the HCP for
HR <60 bpm.

Question 4

For all antihypertensives:

Answer 4

Check BP before administration; hold medication and notify HCP for systolic pressure <90 mmHg.
Teach client to change positions slowly.
Teach client not to abruptly stop antihypertensives.

Question 5

Beta blockers
metoprolol
atenolol
propranolol

Answer 5

Can mask hypoglycemia: Monitor blood glucose.
Risk for bradycardia: Assess HR before administering; hold and notify HCP for
HR <60 bpm.
Bronchoconstriction: Avoid use in clients with asthma or COPD.

Question 6

ACE inhibitors
lisinopril
enalapril
captopril

Answer 6

Risk for angioedema: Immediately report symptoms of angioedema, such as facial
swelling, stinging, or itching, and prepare to give epinephrine.
Dry cough: Not dangerous but common reason for discontinuation

Question 7

Angiotensin receptor
blockers (ARBs)
losartan
valsartan

Answer 7

Side effects are similar to ACE Inhibitors, though less likely to cause
hyperkalemia and cough.

Question 8

Calcium channel blockers
amlodipine
nifedipine

Answer 8

Drug toxicity: Teach client to avoid consuming grapefruit juice.

Question 9

Direct vasodilators
hydralazine
sodium nitroprusside

Answer 9

Can be given IV for hypertensive emergencies
y Risk for hypotension: Monitor BP closely.