child health

Question 1

Mononucleosis:

Answer 1

Children with infectious mononucleosis should avoid contact sports to prevent
splenic rupture. Monitor for signs of splenic rupture, like severe abdominal or left shoulder pain.

Question 2

Vaccine administration:

Answer 2

Vaccines can be
administered even if a child has a mild illness or
low-grade fever. Do not administer a vaccine to a
child with a previous anaphylactic reaction to that
vaccine, and do not administer live attenuated
vaccines (varicella, MMR) to children who are
severely immunocompromised (undergoing
chemotherapy).

Question 3

Fever management:

Answer 3

Do not give aspirin to children with a viral illness due to the risk for Reye syndrome.
Instead, use acetaminophen (for all ages) or ibuprofen (for children >6 months old) and encourage
cool oral fluids to avoid dehydration.

Question 4

Varicella
(Chickenpox)

Answer 4

Highly pruritic rash concentrated on face and trunk Vesicles open, then crust.
Initiate airborne and contact precautions
until all vesicles crust (usually within1 week). Pruritis care: Antihistamines, calamine
lotion, oatmeal baths, trim nails

Question 5

Measles
(Rubeola)

Answer 5

Fever
3 Cs: Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza (nasal congestion)
Descending rash (head  toe)
Koplik spots (bluish-white spots on buccal mucosa)

Question 6

Pertussis
(Whooping
Cough)

Answer 6

Symptoms of upper respiratory
infection
Episodes of paroxysmal cough with a high-pitched “whooping” sound Post-cough vomiting

Question 7

Monitor pulse oximetry and for signs of

Answer 7

airway obstruction (cyanosis, restlessness) especially during coughing episodes. Provide humidified oxygen and suctioning PRN.
Give small, frequent feedings or sips of fluid due to difficulty breathing.

Question 8

Scarlet Fever
(Group A strep)

Answer 8

Abrupt, high fever
Sandpaper-like rash concentrated in the
axillae and groin
Pharyngitis and red “strawberry” tongue
Isolation can be discontinued 24 hr after starting antibiotics.

Question 9

Monitor for post-infection complications:

Answer 9

Acute rheumatic fever (new heart murmur, polyarthritis)
Acute glomerulonephritis (hematuria, facial edema)

Question 10

Mumps

Answer 10

Earache and pain with chewing
Parotitis (parotid gland swelling)

Question 11

Mumps

Answer 11

Provide soft foods to limit chewing and pain.
Monitor for complications:
Orchitis (testicular swelling); treated with hot or cold compresses Meningitis (nuchal rigidity, photophobia)

Question 12

Exanthem
Subitum
(Roseola Infantum)

Answer 12

Sudden high fever >103 F (39.4 C) followed by a rose-pink, blanchable rash on the trunk and neck
Seizure precautions as needed for febrile seizures.

Question 13

Erythema
Infectiosum
(Fifth Disease,
Parvovirus B19)

Answer 13

“Slapped face” rash on cheeks, “lacy” rash on extremities
Do not mistake rash for abuse.
Child otherwise appears well or has mild flu-like symptoms.
Supportive care only
Isolate from pregnant persons (risk for intrauterine infection and fetal death).

Question 14

Infectious
Mononucleosis

(“Mono,” Epstein-
Barr Virus)

Answer 14

Malaise (extreme fatigue)
Exudative pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Children should avoid contact sports to prevent splenic rupture.
Monitor for signs of splenic rupture (severe left shoulder or abdominal pain).
Fever and pharyngitis care: Antipyretics,
cool fluids