fundamentals

Question 1

pH imbalances: (ROME).

Answer 1

The priority for correcting
pH imbalances is identifying and treating the
underlying cause. Respiratory imbalances cause
pH and PaCO2
to move in opposite directions.
Metabolic imbalances cause the pH and HCO3 to move in equal directions

Question 2

Potassium:

Answer 2

Hyperkalemia occurs in acidosis;
hypokalemia occurs in alkalosis. Place clients with
potassium imbalances on continuous cardiac
monitoring due to the risk for dysrhythmias.

Question 3

Arterial blood draw:

Answer 3

After the radial artery is
punctured for an ABG draw, hold pressure for ≥5
minutes to prevent hematoma formation.

Question 4

Respiratory imbalances:

Answer 4

Respiratory acidosis
is caused by hypoventilation and requires
interventions to improve ventilation (BiPAP,
bronchodilators, increase ventilator rate).
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation
and requires interventions to slow breathing (paper
bag rebreathing, lower ventilator rate).

Question 5

Metabolic imbalances:

Answer 5

Metabolic acidosis
occurs due to bicarbonate loss (diarrhea) or acid
buildup (DKA). Metabolic alkalosis results from
bicarbonate retention or acid loss, such as with
severe vomiting or NG suctioning.