child health

Question 1

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate feedings:

Answer 1

To
prevent aspiration during feedings, use
specialized bottles or nipples, feed the infant
upright, and burp the infant frequently.

Question 2

Postoperative palatoplasty and/or cheiloplasty:

Answer 2

To protect the surgical site, apply elbow
restraints and do not position the infant prone
or place anything in the infant’s mouth (pacifiers,
spoons, oral suction).

Question 3

TEF and EA “3 Cs”:
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal
atresia (EA) are congenital malformations of the
esophagus

Answer 3

coughing, choking, and
cyanosis are key findings. If suspected, keep the
infant NPO and elevate the HOB ≥30 degrees to
prevent aspiration.

Question 4

Postoperative TEF and EA repair:

Answer 4

Teach
caregivers to suction when observing signs of
inadequate swallowing (choking) or respiratory
distress and to monitor for signs of esophageal
stricture, like dysphagia and drooling.

Question 5

GER and GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 5

To prevent reflux, provide small, frequent feedings; keep upright during feedings;
and minimize handling the infant afterward.

Question 6

Assessment findings
GER:

Answer 6

passively spitting up
(“happy spitter”)

Question 7

Assessment findings GERD:

Answer 7

Forceful vomiting
Irritability, crying
Feeding refusal, poor weight gain Respiratory symptoms (choking with feeds,
cough, wheezing)

Question 8

Caregiver education

Answer 8

Teach caregivers to report severe complications
(projectile vomiting; weight loss; blood in
stool, emesis).