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Nutrition test Flashcards

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1
Q

You need to know about Simple sugars

A

It rises quickly and falls quickly

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2
Q

How much water should a patient take in and how are you going to figure that

A

recorded fluid output plus 500 mL

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3
Q

You need to know signs and symptoms of dehydration

A

Complaints of dizziness. Confusion. Cool, dry skin. Dark, concentrated urine. Decreased blood pressure. Decreased urine production. Dry, cracked lips and tongue. Dry mucous membranes. Elevated temperature. Flat neck veins when lying down. Increased pulse rate. Poor skin turgor. Postural hypotension. Thick saliva. Thirst. Weak, thready pulse. Weakness.

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4
Q

You need to know how to figure fluid loss with weight

A

A weight gain or loss of 1kg (2.2 lb) in 24 h indicates a gain or loss of 1 L of fluid

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5
Q

How do you assess for peripheral edema

A

by measuring the circumference

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6
Q

You need to know how to plan care for a client who has hypernatremia

A

Encourage increased fluid intake; measure I and O; give water between tube feedings; restrict sodium intake; monitor temperature

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7
Q

You need to know the risk factors for the development of hypocalcemia

A

Inadequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D. Impaired absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract, as in diarrhea, sprue, overuse of laxatives and enemas containing phosphates (phosphorus tends to be more readily absorbed from the intestinal tract then calcium is, and it suppresses calcium retention in the body). The parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorus levels. Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone can result in hypocalcemia.

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8
Q

You need to know about hypokalemia and hyperkalemia and you need to know how to anticipate care or nursing actions.

A

you would do cardiac monitoring for them which is an EKG or another monitor

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9
Q

You need to know about hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia and you need to know how to teach your patient about what is going on with them

A

monitor deep tendon reflexes especially if they are receiving magnesemia and they have hypomagnesemia because you might be giving them too much and making them hyper

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10
Q

(know) If someone is getting suctioned through an NG tube you have to be careful or you will cause them to go into hypovolemic shock (or hypovolemia)

A

…

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11
Q

Someone who has heart failure you can anticipate fluid restriction also watch sodium intake and you need to know the foods that are high in sodium

A

Buttermilk. Canned meats or fish. Canned soups (regular). Canned vegetables (regular). Casserole and pasta mixes. Cheese (all kinds). Dried fruits. Dried soup mixes. Foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG). Frozen vegetables with sauces. Gravy mixes. Ham. Hot dogs. Ketchup. Lunch meats. Olives. Pickles. Prepared mustard. Preserved meats. Processed foods. Salted nuts. Salted popcorn. Salted snack foods. Softened water. Soy sauce (regular). Tomato or vegetable juice

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12
Q

(know) Someone who is dehydrated has been admitted to the hospital, you know that their admitting diagnosis is dehydration or hypovolemia. Something you are going to do automatically without obtaining an order is obtain a daily weight

A

…

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13
Q

You need to know food sources of fiber. Keep in mind skin is a fruit

A

Apple, unpeeled. Apple, peeled. Banana. Orange. Cantaloupe. Grapefruit. Strawberries. Biscuit. Bread, white. Bread, wheat. All bran. Oatmeal, cooked. Shredded wheat. Green beans. Broccoli, raw. Cauliflower, raw. Celery, raw. Corn, whole kernel. Potato, with skin. Sweet potato, baked. Kidney beans. Pinto beans. Black eyed peas. Lima beans. Black beans.

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14
Q

You need to know the vegetarian diets

A

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian : dairy products, eggs, and plant foods
Lactovegetarian : dairy products and plant foods
Vegan : all animal food sources, including honey, are excluded

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15
Q

You need to know about the American heart association … diet association

A

300 mg of cholesterol

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16
Q

Which vitamin is absorbed in the stomach

A

Vitamin b12

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17
Q

the process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism

A

Catabolism

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18
Q

Enables the absorbed nutrients to enter the blood

A

Metabolism

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19
Q

the process of converting food into chemical substance that can be absorbed into the blood and used by the body tissue

A

Digestion

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20
Q

Know a good source for mega 3 fatty acid

A

Found in salmon, trout, halibut, sardines, tuna, canola oil, soybean oil, omega 3 rich chicken eggs, and walnuts

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21
Q

Know about vitamins that act as antioxidants that protect the cells and tissues from free radicals and improve vision and have a role in cancer prevention

A

Carotenoids

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22
Q

muscle contraction and relaxation, coagulation; building of strong bones and teeth; plays a role in nervous system function; aids in blood coagulation

A

Calcium

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23
Q

component of 50 enzymes, protein synthesis and DNA repair, normal growth and sexual development, wound healing, immune function, and smell acuity

A

Zinc

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24
Q

aids in production and survival of red blood cells and plays a role in enzymes involved in respiration and a role in lipid metabolism

A

Copper

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25
Q

acid-base and fluid balance; transmits nerve impulses and helps control muscle contractions and regulation of heartbeat; necessary for enzyme reactions

A

potassiam

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25
Q

acid-base and fluid balance; transmits nerve impulses and helps control muscle contractions and regulation of heartbeat; necessary for enzyme reactions

A

potassiam

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26
Q

activates enzymes and enhances removal of glucose from the blood

A

chromium

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27
Q

acid-base balance, fluid balance, transmits nerve impulses and helps control muscle contractions

A

Sodium

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28
Q

helps regulate metabolism as a part of thyroid hormones; helps keep skin, hair, and nails healthy

A

Iodine

29
Q

formation of hemoglobin; part of several enzymes

A

Iron

30
Q

essential component of vitamin b12 and activates enzymes

A

Cobalt

31
Q

normal bone structure, reproduction, normal central nervous system function, and is a component of some enzymes

A

Manganese

32
Q

An excess in this mineral causes kidney stones

A

calcium

33
Q

You need to know about introducing solid foods to babies and you need to be able to teach parents on how to do that

A

9-12 months of age. If you introduce solid foods to a child 4-6 months of age it can cause allergies. When introducing solid foods to a baby introduce one solid food at a time

34
Q

you need to know about interventions with nutritional care for older adults

A

Prepare several portions of favorite foods at one time and place the foods in freezer containers for easy reheating. Keep nutritious snacks available, including fruit, vegetable slices, and soft nutritious desserts such as yogurt. Participate in church or community senior citizen social activities to increase socialization. Serve food in an attractive setting, even when eating alone. Listen to favorite music during mealtimes to serve as a stimulant when eating alone. Add flavorful low sodium seasoning and spices to food. Many spices have proven health benefits. Maintain adequate fluid intake. Engage in exercise such as gardening or walking to stimulate appetite and provide a feeling of general well-being.

35
Q

(know) You need to be able to pick out a meal that a dietitian will recommend a certain meal to increase fiber in a diet. Pick out which one has the most fiber

A

…

36
Q

Know which major nutrient plays an important role in fluid balance

A

protein intake

37
Q

Know how to check skin turgor

A

over the sternum

38
Q

Be able to tally Intakes and Outputs.. There is a blue box with coffee, juice, etc in mL. Be familiar with that

A

Coffee cup 240. Iced tea glass 320. Juice glass 120. Wax drinking cup 180. Styrofoam cup 210. Large glass 230. Cream package 15. Sherbet 90. Soup, clear 120. Soup, thick 180. Gelatin 80. Milk carton 240.

39
Q

You need to be able to figure out someones output and figure out whether it’s appropriate for IV potassium

A

If urine output is less then 30mL/h, potassium should not be given. Check IV fluids for added potassium before initiating IV therapy. Check the IV fluid that is in progress. Giving potassium when urine flow is inadequate may cause kidney damge.

40
Q

You need to know which foods are high in calcium and which option has less calcium as well

A

milk is calcium, butter is not high in calcium

41
Q

(know) When someone is on bed rest for a period of time their calcium is going to come out of their bones and go into circulation (hypercalcemic). Prolonged bed rest will have an opposite effect and then become hypocalcemic.

A

…

42
Q

(know) Be able to identify whether or not the lab value falls within normal range and know what’s causing it

A

…

43
Q

Know signs and symptoms to expect with hypernatremia

A

Dry mucous membranes, loss of skin turgor, intense thirst, flushed skin, oliguria, and possibly elevated temperature; weakness, lethargy, irritability, twitching, seizures, coma, and intracranial bleeding;low-grade fever

44
Q

Know signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess

A

Weight gain, crackles in the lungs, slow bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, and possibly edema

45
Q

You need to be able to pick out a client at risk for potassium deficit

A

anything to do with gi suctioning is the answer

46
Q

(know) When you have a traumatic burn it’s usually because there’s a cellular shifting of potassium… at risk for hyperkalemia

A

…

47
Q

You need to know about sensible and insensible fluid loss

A

sensible loss they are aware of, insensible occurs without the person’s awareness

48
Q

You need to pick out a client who might be at risk for fluid volume deficit

A

people who have colostomies, ileostomy

49
Q

Know who is at risk for hyponatremia

A

look into the one who has a problem with secreting antidiuretic hormone (keep in mind salt)

50
Q

You need to be aware of the chart you drew about acid and alka and the ones in the chapter

A

Resp acid, Resp alka, Meta acid, meta alka.. Pointing at each other. Away. at.

51
Q

(know) Infant with diarrhea is at risk for developing metabolic acidosis

A

…

52
Q

(know) Vomiting is metabolic alkalosis

A

…

53
Q

You’re going to have to understand what happens when someone has been vomiting for 3 days and has abnormally low blood pressure. What happens on the cellular level (it starts with an intravascular space and it moves to the inertial space)

A

transcellular

54
Q

Why are infants at more risk for dehydration

A

they have a smaller body surface area compared with body weight

55
Q

You need to know an example of a nonelectrolyte

A

Amino acids (proteins), glucose, and fatty acids

56
Q

Hypokalemia can manifest itself

A

abdominal pain, urinary retention, confusion, decreased reflexes, and EKG changes

57
Q

Chvostek sign, where can you see a positive sign?

A

Is assessed by tapping the facial nerve about an inch in front of the earlobe. A unilateral twitching of the face is a positive response

58
Q

Why is a patient’s urine more concentrated if they are dehydrated

A

it has to do with renal tubules in the kidney. They don’t want to release the fluid if you are dehydrated so they hold onto it

59
Q

You need to know about diffusion

A

Is the process by which substances freely move back and forth across the membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout the available space

60
Q

You need to know how to do an orthostatic hypotension test

A

Patients lying down flat for a few minutes.. get blood pressure. Patient sitting on the side of the bed.. get blood pressure. Patient standing up, get blood pressure.

61
Q

You need to know how to calculate IV fluid to determine I’s and O’s

A

IV fluid infused is recorded as intake. At the beginning of the shift during the handoff report, note how much is left in an IV container that is in progress. Another IV container may be started during the shift when the old one is totally infused. By adding and subtracting, you can calculate the total amount of IV intake. For example, suppose a patient has 350mL remaining in the IV bag at the beginning of the shift, it infuses, and a new bag is hung at 1pm. At the end of the shift, 200mL is infused from the new bag. Add 350mL and 200mL for a total of 550mL of IV intake for the shift. Enter this amount on the I and O record as intake under the IV column

62
Q

(know) Someone whos had a brain injury with cerebral edema will most likely receive a fluid that is hypertonic

A

…

63
Q

A patient who is vegan is at risk for what. A deficient intake of protein leads them to a ___ efficiency

A

In vitamin B6, vitamin b12, iron, zinc, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin D

64
Q

Frequent complaints about heartburn. Elderly. Age related changes to our body. What happens to cause that?

A

the sphincter tone decrease

65
Q

You are going to fill out a dietary menu for someone who is jewish

A

Diet varies according to whether family is orthodox, reform, or conservative. For the orthodox family, food must be kosher (clean); meat is soaked in salt water to remove blood; the only meat eaten is that of divided hoofed animals that chew a cud; fish without scales (shellfish) and pork are prohibited; milk and meat cannot be combined. Favorites are gefilte fish, lox (smoked salmon), herring, eggs, bagels, cream cheese, and matzo

66
Q

(know) Someone who has a large pressure ulcer on his sacrum will need foods rich in Vitamin C

A

…

67
Q

Long term use of glucocorticoids has caused someone to become hypercalcemic and you need to be able to anticipate what manifestations this patient is going to experience

A

bone pain and can cause some confusion and possible decreased level of consciousness

68
Q

(know) Minerals are necessary for proper muscle and nerve function and they act as catalysts for many cellular functions

A

…

69
Q

What is the first breast fluid after having a baby

A

colostrum

Nursing (80 decks)

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