BN chapter 40

Question 1

Disorder associated with age in which there is a gradual loss of acute, central, and color vision

Answer 1

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Question 2

Fat-soluble hydrocarbon found in dark green leafy vegetables and deep orange vegetables and fruits; converts to vitamin A in humans

Answer 2

beta-carotene

Question 3

Opacity (not letting light through) of the lens of the eye, which impairs vision

Answer 3

cataract

Question 4

Abnormal pain during sexual intercourse

Answer 4

dyspareunia

Question 5

difficulty swallowing

Answer 5

dysphagia

Question 6

Collection of hardened feces in the rectum or colon

Answer 6

fecal impaction

Question 7

The accumulation of fluid inside the eye, which exerts pressure on the optic nerve, eventually causing blindness

Answer 7

glaucoma

Question 8

the use of multiple medications, often inappropriately and excessively, at the same time

Answer 8

polypharmacy

Question 9

Fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness, syncope (fainting), and blurred vision that occurs upon standing; also called orthostatic hypotension

Answer 9

postural hypotension

Question 10

Inability to hear high pitched sounds and some spoken words; occurs in old age

Answer 10

presbycusis

Question 11

Age-related decreased ability to focus the eye on nearby objects

Answer 11

presbyopia

Question 12

Noise in the ears such as ringing, buzzing, or roaring

Answer 12

tinnitus

Question 13

The ability to focus on both near and far objects

Answer 13

visual accommodation

Question 14

What are the 5 most common physical care problems that plague the older adult population

Answer 14

#1 impaired mobility
#2 alteration in elimination (urinary incontinence, constipation, and fecal impaction)
#3 alteration in nutrition
#4 sensory (vision and hearing) deficits
#5 polypharmacy

Question 15

Walking speed, also called ___, is considered to be such an important measurement in the older adult that it has been described by some as the “6th vital sign”. Dancing, gardening, home maintenance, and swimming can also promote mobility

Answer 15

gait velocity

Question 16

What environmental factors predispose a person to falls

Answer 16

#1 clutter in walking areas
#2 inadequate lighting or glare
#3 improper footwear
#4 unsafe furnishings (such as rugs)
#5 even walkers and canes

Question 17

Move older adults slowly out of bed to prevent possible ___

Answer 17

orthostatic hypotension

Question 18

3 Behavioral approaches to urinary incontinence

Answer 18

#1 bladder retraining
#2 prompted voiding
#3 habit (timed) voiding

Question 19

What are some herbal approaches to urinary incontinence

Answer 19

the use of saw palmetto and pumpkin seeds, which might reduce prostate swelling; however, in recent studies, saw palmetto demonstrated little or no benefit

Question 20

What are some signs and symptoms of fecal impaction (5)

Answer 20

#1 abdominal cramping
#2 rectal pain
#3 abdominal distention
#4 the passing of small amounts of liquid stool
#5 loss of appetite

Question 21

Patient education should include specific diet remedies such as : (5)

Answer 21

#1 hot water and lemon juice first thing in the morning
#2 prunes and prune juice with carbonated drink
#3 bran cereal or whole grain breads
#4 roughage (raw fruits and vegetables)
#5 fluid intake of at least 2500mL/day

Question 22

What is does a nutritional diet for an older adult consist of (3)

Answer 22

#1 reduce sugar and fat intake
#2 increase the roughage (raw fruits and vegetables)
#3 increase in whole grain foods, fruits, and vegetables, and additional proteins

Question 23

To prevent aspiration when eating/drinking and taking medications what do you do

Answer 23

#1 instruct the patient to tuck her chin when swallowing
#2 Keep the patient in an upright Fowler's position for 45 to 60 minutes after eating