BN chapter 40 Flashcards
Disorder associated with age in which there is a gradual loss of acute, central, and color vision
age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Fat-soluble hydrocarbon found in dark green leafy vegetables and deep orange vegetables and fruits; converts to vitamin A in humans
beta-carotene
Opacity (not letting light through) of the lens of the eye, which impairs vision
cataract
Abnormal pain during sexual intercourse
dyspareunia
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
Collection of hardened feces in the rectum or colon
fecal impaction
The accumulation of fluid inside the eye, which exerts pressure on the optic nerve, eventually causing blindness
glaucoma
the use of multiple medications, often inappropriately and excessively, at the same time
polypharmacy
Fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness, syncope (fainting), and blurred vision that occurs upon standing; also called orthostatic hypotension
postural hypotension
Inability to hear high pitched sounds and some spoken words; occurs in old age
presbycusis
Age-related decreased ability to focus the eye on nearby objects
presbyopia
Noise in the ears such as ringing, buzzing, or roaring
tinnitus
The ability to focus on both near and far objects
visual accommodation
What are the 5 most common physical care problems that plague the older adult population
#1 impaired mobility #2 alteration in elimination (urinary incontinence, constipation, and fecal impaction) #3 alteration in nutrition #4 sensory (vision and hearing) deficits #5 polypharmacy
Walking speed, also called ___, is considered to be such an important measurement in the older adult that it has been described by some as the “6th vital sign”. Dancing, gardening, home maintenance, and swimming can also promote mobility
gait velocity
What environmental factors predispose a person to falls
#1 clutter in walking areas #2 inadequate lighting or glare #3 improper footwear #4 unsafe furnishings (such as rugs) #5 even walkers and canes
Move older adults slowly out of bed to prevent possible ___
orthostatic hypotension
3 Behavioral approaches to urinary incontinence
#1 bladder retraining #2 prompted voiding #3 habit (timed) voiding
What are some herbal approaches to urinary incontinence
the use of saw palmetto and pumpkin seeds, which might reduce prostate swelling; however, in recent studies, saw palmetto demonstrated little or no benefit
What are some signs and symptoms of fecal impaction (5)
#1 abdominal cramping #2 rectal pain #3 abdominal distention #4 the passing of small amounts of liquid stool #5 loss of appetite
Patient education should include specific diet remedies such as : (5)
#1 hot water and lemon juice first thing in the morning #2 prunes and prune juice with carbonated drink #3 bran cereal or whole grain breads #4 roughage (raw fruits and vegetables) #5 fluid intake of at least 2500mL/day
What is does a nutritional diet for an older adult consist of (3)
#1 reduce sugar and fat intake #2 increase the roughage (raw fruits and vegetables) #3 increase in whole grain foods, fruits, and vegetables, and additional proteins
To prevent aspiration when eating/drinking and taking medications what do you do
#1 instruct the patient to tuck her chin when swallowing #2 Keep the patient in an upright Fowler's position for 45 to 60 minutes after eating
