Med Surg Final Flashcards
Where does erythropoietin come from
kidney
What does the spleen do
breaks down old rbc’s, harvest iron, 500 mL of backup blood
If my eosinophils are elevated, what’s wrong with me?
allergy
Symptoms of jaundice/hemolysis
Yellowing of the skin, eyes, conjunctivas
When im jaundice what do i have too much of in my tissue
bilirubin
What are bands/blasts
immature white blood cells, they do not do a good job
What would I look like if I was anemic?
pale, lethargic, short of breath
What do platelets do
low is less than 150k, and you aren’t going to clot
What is part of your lymphatic/immune system
Thymus, tonsils, bone marrow ….
What makes you at high risk for pernicious anemia
Stomach surgery ( missing intrinsic factor ) has to have b 12 injections
What do normal red blood cells look like
Oval and indented
How do i give patients iron
don’t give it with calcium, drink it with orange juice
What is aplastic anemia
lowers White blood Cells, RC, platelets, worried about bleeding, infection, lack of clotting
Ways for sickle cell patients to to go into sickle cell crisis
damaging to skin - ischemic, no ice fluid, no high elevations, plenty of fluids
Polycythemia what is blood consistency (thick) know how to teach the how to control that
drink fluids
What causes heart murmurs
insufficient valves
(know) Check pulse below the site when doing cardiac catheters, radial artery check capillary refill
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Intermittent claudication
pain when walking, goes away with rest
Normal pulse
60-100
How to grade a pulse
+3 is normal
How to calculate a pulse pressure
Top number (systolic) minus bottom number (diastolic)
What does “myo” mean
muscle
Teaching patients about orthostatic hypotension
Sit on side of bed, let feet dangle before getting up
Picking out a low sodium diet
Vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, low fat dairy
How to prevent varicose veins
regular exercise, supportive hose, elevate feet
If i have a DVT what am i worried its going to turn into
pulmonary embolism
Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism
Acute breathlessness, pleuritic chest pain, haemoptysis; dizziness; syncope.
R or L? fatigue, dyspnea, wheezing, orthopnea, sleep apnea, pulmonary edema, pallor, clammy skin
left
R or L fatigue, edema, hepatomegaly, weight gain, dyspnea
right
What does a cardioverter defibrillator do
Used for patients who have an episode of a life-threatening dysrhythmias. The pulse generator is slightly larger than that for a regular pacemaker because it requires a high capacity battery. Most ICD’s can pace as well as defibrillate. The patient is warned to avoid exposure to strong magnetic fields such as microwave towers, transformers and electrical transmitters, electrical generators, handheld security devices at airports, and arc welding equipment. The patient should not lean over the alternator of a running car or boat motor. A magnetic field will temporarily deactivate the device
What does morphine do for people with cardiac failure
treats air hunger
(know) CHF patients, restrict activity and give plenty periods of rest
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What does warfarin do if you are in AFIB
prevents clots
Don’t forget what stenosis means
hardening
Know tachycardia and bradycardia
tachy is above 100 and brady is below 60
What is happening during angina
chest pain
What does an MI do to pieces of your heart
necrosis
What does TPA do
clot busters
What are non modifiable and modifiable factors
modifiable you can change like smoking, obesity.. Nonmodifiable are factors you can’t change like age, race, ethnicity
What is diabetes insipidus and what are the symptoms
Brain trauma is the cause. Peeing so much your body is dry, electrolytes messed up, super worried about hyponatremia, neurological problems do to sodium being high
Can i get rid of a goiter
no but you can shrink it
How to give oral iodine
dilute it and put it through a straw so it doesn’t stain the teeth
Thyroid drugs require a very strict schedule
methimazole for hyper and synthroid for hypo
Why would someone have a subtotal thyroidectomy
so they can still produce
(know) Don’t forget antithyroid drugs do not work automatically, they have to regulate, you probably won’t see improvement for a couple weeks and doses may need adjusted
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What is the biggest complication of a thyroidectomy
thyroid storm
(know) Thyroid storm causes an elevation in all of your vital signs
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(know) If you are replacing a hormone of any kind because you do not make it yourself, you will require replacement therapy every day for the rest of your life
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Dexamethasone compression test
steroids at night and urinalysis in the morning
Post Op care for hypophysectomy
requires drip pad, don’t brush teeth, do mouth care due to having to breathe through mouth, no blowing nose, no bending off, no couch
What is going on with a type 1 diabetic, why do they not have insulin
their body is not making any, its killing off the beta cells
(know) No cure for diabetes, including gestational
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(know) Diet is MAJOR with diabetes, you can never stop even when on meds
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What is an islet cell antibody
Islet cells are insulin producing therefore Islet cell antibodies kill off insulin
Reason for polyuria
increased thirst
What does it mean when your body is in ketosis
your body is burning fat
