AP ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

small, cushion-like sac found alongside joints, cushioning moving bones

A

bursa

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2
Q

the process of moving the distal end of a body part in a circular path

A

circumduction

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3
Q

type of isotonic muscle contraction in which a muscles length decreases

A

concentric contraction

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4
Q

when prolonged inactivity results in the muscles shrinking in size

A

disuse atrophy

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5
Q

angular movement when the top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward

A

dorsiflexion

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6
Q

type of isotonic muscle contraction in which a muscle’s length increases under a load

A

eccentric contraction

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7
Q

continuous vigorous exercise requiring the body to increase its consumption of oxygen and developing the muscle’s ability to sustain activity over a prolonged period

A

endurance training

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8
Q

applied study of workers and their work environment

A

ergonomics

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9
Q

foot movement that turns the ankle so that the sole faces out to the side

A

eversion

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10
Q

increasing the angle between two bones at a joint

A

extension

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11
Q

the outermost layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique

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12
Q

loss of muscle power; weakness

A

fatigue

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13
Q

leg muscles that plantar flex and evert the foot; formerly called peroneous group

A

fibularis group

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14
Q

act of bending; decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint

A

flexion

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15
Q

one of the muscles of facial expression; it moves the eyebrows and furrows the skin of the forehead

A

frontal muscle

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16
Q

superficial muscle of the calf of the leg, connected to the calcaneus bone of the foot by way of the Achilles tendon; its action is to dorsiflex the foot, bending the toes upward

A

gastrocnemius

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17
Q

major extensor of the thigh and also supports the torso in an erect position

A

gluteus maximus

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18
Q

increased size of a part caused by an increase in the size of its cells

A

hypertrophy

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19
Q

subnormal core body temperature below 37 C (98.6 F)

A

hypothermia

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20
Q

a flexor of the thigh and an important stabilizing muscle for posture

A

iliopsoas

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21
Q

a muscle’s attachment to a bone that moves when it contracts

A

insertion

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22
Q

any of the disk-like cell connections that exist between cardiac muscle fibers

A

intercalated disk

23
Q

the respiratory muscles located between the ribs

A

intercostal muscles

24
Q

foot movement that turns the ankle so that the sole faces inward, toward the midline of the body

25
type of muscle contraction in which muscle does not shorten
isometric contraction
26
contraction in which the length changes but the tension seems to be about the same; a mobilizing kind of contraction
isotonic contraction
27
an extensor of the arm
latissimus dorsi
28
large muscle of the cheek, used to lift the lower jaw (mandible) and thus provide chewing movement
masseter
29
chewing
mastication
30
transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues
motor neuron
31
a single motor neuron with the muscle cells it innervates
motor unit
32
any of the specialized contractile cells of a muscle tissue
muscle fiber
33
any of the ultramicroscopic threadlike protein structures found in cylindrical groupings within each muscle fiber and involved in muscle contraction
myofilament
34
large protein molecule in the cytoplasm of muscle cells that attracts oxygen and holds it temporarily
myoglobin
35
contractile protein found in the thick filaments of skeletal muscle
myosin
36
facial muscle that causes a squint
orbicularis oculi
37
continued increased oxygen consumption that occurs after exercise
oxygen debt
38
action of the bottom of the foot being directed downward; this motion allows a person to stand on his or her tiptoes
plantar flexion
39
the muscle responsible for producing a particular movement
prime mover
40
to turn the palm downward
pronation
41
muscle that runs down the middle of the abdomen; protects the abdominal viscera and flexes the spinal column
rectus abdominis
42
movement around a longitudinal axis; for example, shaking your head no
rotation
43
contractile unit of muscle; length of a cylindrical grouping of myofilaments between two Z bands
sarcomere
44
to turn the palm of the hand upward
supination
45
muscle that assists a prime mover
synergist
46
tube-shaped structure lined with synovial membrane that encloses certain tendons
tendon sheath
47
(know) tendons attach muscle to bone and ligaments attach bone to bone
...
48
sustained contraction
tetanic contraction
49
sustained muscular contraction
tetanus
50
minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract
threshold stimulus
51
dorsiflexor of the foot
tibialis anterior
52
special type of skeletal muscle contraction used to maintain posture
tonic contraction
53
the innermost layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall
transversus abdominis
54
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