AP chapter 6

Question 1

What are appendages?

Answer 1

the hair, and skin glands

Question 2

What is another name for the skin and the connective tissues just beneath it?

Answer 2

integument

Question 3

What term refers to a thin, sheet like structure that may have many important functions in the body. It covers and protects the body surface, lines body cavities, and covers the inner surfaces of the hollow organs such as the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory passageways.

Answer 3

Membrane

Question 4

What are the two major categories or types of body membranes?

Answer 4

Epithelial membrane and Connective tissue membranes

Question 5

___ are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying lay of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 5

Epithelial membranes

Question 6

___ are composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue. No epithelial cells are present in this type of membrane

Answer 6

connective tissue membranes

Question 7

Epithelial membranes are ___

Answer 7

auascular

Question 8

Connective tissue membranes are ___

Answer 8

vascular

Question 9

What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue membranes in the body?

Answer 9

1 cutaneous membrane #2 serous membranes #3 mucous membranes

Question 10

The ___ is the primary organ of the integumentary system

Answer 10

the cutaneous membrane (the skin)

Question 11

As with epithelial membranes, a ___ is composed of two distinct layers of tissue

Answer 11

serous membrane

Question 12

___ holds and supports the epithelial cells

Answer 12

basement membrane

Question 13

The ___ layer is the serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity (similar to wallpaper in a room)

Answer 13

Parietal layer

Question 14

The ___ layer is the portion of the membrane that folds inward to cover the surface of organs within a body cavity

Answer 14

The visceral layer

Question 15

In the thoracic cavity the serous membrane around each lung is called the ___

Answer 15

pleura

Question 16

The ___ layer forms the lining of the body cavity, and the ___ layer covers the organs found in that cavity

Answer 16

Parietal layer and Visceral layer

Question 17

___ is a very painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes (pleura) that line the chest cavity and cover the lungs

Answer 17

Pleurisy

Question 18

___ are epithelial membranes that contain both an epithelial layer and a fibrous connective tissue layer. These membranes line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior of the body

Answer 18

Mucous membranes

Question 19

The ___ cells of most mucous membranes secrete a thick, slimy material called mucus that keeps the membranes moist and soft

Answer 19

epithelial

Question 20

The fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes is called the ___

Answer 20

lamina propria

Question 21

The term ___ is used to describe the transitional area that serves as a point of “fusion” where skin and mucous membranes meet

Answer 21

mucocutaneous junction

Question 22

The ___ lining the joint capsules that surround and attach the ends of articulating bones in movable joints are classified as connective tissue membranes

Answer 22

synovial membranes

Question 23

Synovial membranes are smooth and slick and secrete a thick, colorless lubricating fluid called ___

Answer 23

synovial fluid

Question 24

Where are bursae found?

Answer 24

between moving body parts and they are small, cushionlike sacs

Question 25

What is the largest and one of the most important organs of the body

Answer 25

the skin

Question 26

The ___ is the outermost layer of the skin. It is a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 26

epidermis

Question 27

The ___ is the deeper of the two layers. It is thicker than the epidermis and is made up largely of connective tissue

Answer 27

dermis

Question 28

The layers of the skin are supported by a thick layer of loose connective tissue and fat called ___

Answer 28

subcutaneous tissue, or the hypodermis

Question 29

The ___ acts as a shock-absorbing pad and helps protect underlying tissues from injury caused by bumps and blows to the body surface

Answer 29

subcutaneous tissue

Question 30

The basal cells of the innermost layer are called ___

Answer 30

stratum germinativum

Question 31

___ is a tough, water proof material that provides cells in the outer layer of the skin with a horny, abrasion-resistant, and protective quality.

Answer 31

Keratin

Question 32

The tough outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ___

Answer 32

stratum corneum

Question 33

The deepest cell layer of the stratum germinativum is responsible for the production of a ___ that gives color to the skin

Answer 33

pigment

Question 34

Melanin is what?

Answer 34

brown pigment

Question 35

___ is produced by cells called melanocytes that are found in this basal layer. It is produced and packaged in melanocytes and then distributed to the surrounding epithelial cells, giving them a darker color

Answer 35

Melanin

Question 36

What is the primary function of Melanin?

Answer 36

to absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from sunlight before it reaches tissues below the outer layers of the epidermis

Question 37

If blood oxygen levels decrease or if actual blood flow is reduced dramatically the skin turns a blue gray color. This condition is called ___

Answer 37

cyanosis

Question 38

The junction that exists between the thin superficial epidermal layer of skin and the deeper the dermal layer forms a type of basement membrane called the ___

Answer 38

dermal-epidermal junction

Question 39

___ project upward from the dermis into the epidermis and also stabilize the dermal-epidermal junction

Answer 39

dermal papillae

Question 40

Blisters are what stage?

Answer 40

stage 2

Question 41

tough and strong fibers are called ___

Answer 41

collagen or white fibers

Question 42

Stretchable and elastic fibers are called ___

Answer 42

elastic or yellow fibers

Question 43

The ___ increase the surface area of the gluelike dermal-epidermal junction that helps to bind the skin layers to each other

Answer 43

dermal papillae

Question 44

Reticular layer makes up what percentage of the body?

Answer 44

80%

Question 45

The subcutaneous tissue is often called the ___

Answer 45

superficial fascia or hypodermis

Question 46

The hair of a newborn infant is extremely fine and soft, it is called ___

Answer 46

lanugo

Question 47

Cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis to form a small tube called the ___

Answer 47

hair follicle

Question 48

hair growth begins from a small bump called the ___, which is located at the base of the follicle

Answer 48

hair papilla

Question 49

The nail body nearest the root has a crescent-shaped white area known as the ___

Answer 49

lunula

Question 50

What are the two skin recepters?

Answer 50

lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle) which is deeper like the dermis and detects pressure.. and the tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle) which detects light touch

Question 51

The skin glands include what two varities?

Answer 51

sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Question 52

___ are by far the more numerous, important, and widespread sweat glands in the body

Answer 52

eccrine sweat glands

Question 53

Sweat assists in the elimination of ___

Answer 53

waste products such as ammonia and uric acid

Question 54

___ are found primarily in the skin in the armpit and in the pigmented skin areas around the genitals, they are also responsible for body odor

Answer 54

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 55

___ secret oil for the hair and skin

Answer 55

sebaceous glands

Question 56

___ lubricates the hair and skin

Answer 56

sebum

Question 57

What are the 5 most important functions of the skin?

Answer 57

#1 protection #2 temperature regulation #3 sense organ activity #4 excretion #5 synthesis of vitamin D

Question 58

What are the 3 most common types of cancer?

Answer 58

skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma (the most dangerous)

Question 59

Warning signs of melanoma ABCDE

Answer 59

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

Question 60

Rule of asymmetry

Answer 60

Benign moles are usually symmetrical. Their halves are mirror images of each other. Melanoma lesions are asymmetrical or lopsided

Question 61

rule of border

Answer 61

Benign moles are outlined by a distinct border, but melanoma lesions are often irregular or indistinct in shape

Question 62

rule of color

Answer 62

Benign moles may be any shade of brown but are relatively evenly colored. Melanoma lesions tend to be unevenly colored, exhibiting a mixture of shades or colors

Question 63

rule of diameter

Answer 63

By the time melanoma lesion exhibits characteristics A, B, and C it is also probably larger than 6mm (1/4 inch)

Question 64

rule of evolving

Answer 64

moles that continue to evolve, or change over time, may be cancerous. Besides the changes noted above, melanoma lesions may begin to itch, form an ulcer, or bleed

Question 65

What is capulary firmability

Answer 65

fluid shifts

Question 66

HH8V causes

Answer 66

kaposi's sarcoma

Question 67

The most serious form of skin cancer is

Answer 67

melanoma

Question 68

Squamous cell carcinoma is

Answer 68

slowly growing carcinoma of the epidermis

Question 69

Basal cell carcinoma :

Answer 69

is a common type of skin cancer

Question 70

The most important factor in causing common skin cancer is :

Answer 70

exposure to the sun's ultraviolet radiation

Question 71

The body is divided into 11 areas of what percentage

Answer 71

9%

Question 72

Destruction of a subcutaneous layer occurs in a __ degree burn

Answer 72

third

Question 73

The type of membrane that lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior is known as :

Answer 73

mucous