AP 4 2.0

Question 1

inflamed, plugged sebaceous gland duct, common in acne conditions; also called a blackhead

Answer 1

comedo

Question 2

primary organ of the integumentary system; the skin

Answer 2

cutaneous membrane

Question 3

skinfold covering the root of the nail

Answer 3

cuticle

Question 4

bluish appearance of the skin caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood

Answer 4

cyanosis

Question 5

tiny bumps in the upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and produces the ridges and grooves of fingerprints

Answer 5

dermal papillae

Question 6

junction between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer providing support for the epidermis

Answer 6

dermal-epidermal junction

Question 7

the deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels; sometimes called the true skin

Answer 7

dermis

Question 8

relating to an exocrine gland with secretory cells that release secretions by exocytosis without losing part of the cell, as occurs in apocrine glands

Answer 8

eccrine

Question 9

any of a group of small sweat glands distributed over the total body surface

Answer 9

eccrine sweat gland

Question 10

“false” skin; outermost layer of the skin

Answer 10

epidermis

Question 11

membrane composed of epithelial tissue with an underlying layer of connective tissue

Answer 11

epithelial membrane

Question 12

minor burn causing only minimal discomfort and no blistering; the epidermis may peel but no dermal injury occurs

Answer 12

first-degree burn

Question 13

a pocket-like structure, such as the cylindrical pocket from which a hair grows or fluid-filled sacs in the thyroid gland or ovary

Answer 13

follicle

Question 14

A full-thickness burn that destroys both dermis and epidermis and also extends below the subcutaneous tissue to damage underlying tissues such as muscles or bone

Answer 14

fourth-degree burn

Question 15

burn that (1) destroys epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue and (2) extends below the skin and subcutaneous tissue to reach muscle and bone

Answer 15

full-thickness burn

Question 16

a small tube where hair growth occurs

Answer 16

hair follicle

Question 17

a small cap-shaped cluster of cells located at the base of the follicle where hair growth begins

Answer 17

hair papilla

Question 18

the loose, ordinary tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles; also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia

Answer 18

hypodermis

Question 19

a malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the skin characterized by a purplish spots

Answer 19

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

Question 20

protective protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues

Answer 20

keratin

Question 21

sensory receptor with a layered encapsulation found deep in the dermis that detects pressure on the skin surface

Answer 21

Lamellar (pacini) corpuscle

Question 22

fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes

Answer 22

lamina propria

Question 23

the extremely fine, soft hair found on a newborn infant

Answer 23

lanugo

Question 24

crescent shaped white area under the proximal nail bed

Answer 24

lunula

Question 25

cancerous

Answer 25

malignant

Question 26

brown skin pigment

Answer 26

melanin

Question 27

a malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the pigment-producing cells of the skin

Answer 27

melanoma

Question 28

thin layer or sheet

Answer 28

membrane

Question 29

the transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane sheet

Answer 29

mucocutaneous junction

Question 30

epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus

Answer 30

mucous membrane

Question 31

thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and keeps the membrane moist

Answer 31

mucus

Question 32

the visible part of the nail

Answer 32

nail body

Question 33

term used to describe both minor burn injury and more severe burns that injure both epidermis and dermis

Answer 33

partial-thickness burn

Question 34

membrane surrounding the heart

Answer 34

pericardium

Question 35

large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 35

peritoneum

Question 36

inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix

Answer 36

peritonitis

Question 37

transparent, watery liquid released by glands in the skin that eliminates ammonia and uric acid and helps maintain body temperature; also known as sweat

Answer 37

perspiration

Question 38

colored substance

Answer 38

pigment

Question 39

the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity that lines each pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Answer 39

pleura

Question 40

inflammation of the pleura

Answer 40

pleurisy

Question 41

pin-point size opening on the skin that serves as the outlet of a small duct from the eccrine sweat glands

Answer 41

pore

Question 42

oil-producing gland found in the skin

Answer 42

sebaceous gland

Question 43

secretion of sebaceous glands, also known as "nature's skin cream"

Answer 43

sebum

Question 44

a partial-thickness burn injury that often involves damage to the dermis

Answer 44

second-degree burn

Question 45

a two-layered epithelial membrane that lines body cavities and covers the surfaces of organs

Answer 45

serous membrane

Question 46

malignant tumor of the epidermis; slow growing cancer that is capable of metastasizing

Answer 46

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 47

the tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin

Answer 47

stratum corneum

Question 48

the innermost of the tightly packed epithelial cells of the epidermis; cells in this layer are able to reproduce themselves

Answer 48

stratum germinativum

Question 49

administration of substances into the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin

Answer 49

subcutaneous injection

Question 50

tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and lipid

Answer 50

subcutaneous tissue

Question 51

sweat gland

Answer 51

sudoriferous gland

Question 52

hypodermis; subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis

Answer 52

superficial fascia

Question 53

exocrine gland that produces sweat

Answer 53

sweat gland

Question 54

the thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

Answer 54

synovial fluid

Question 55

connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid

Answer 55

synovial membrane

Question 56

large, encapsulated sensory neuron of the skin for light or discriminative touch; also known as the meissner corpuscle

Answer 56

tactile (meissner) corpuscle

Question 57

involves complete destruction of both epidermis and dermis with injury extending into subcutaneous tissue

Answer 57

third-degree burn

Question 58

basement membrane. layer of the serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity (forms the lining of the body cavity)

Answer 58

parietal

Question 59

basement membrane. the portion of the membrane that folds inward to cover the surface of organs within a body cavity (covers the organs found in the cavity)

Answer 59

visceral

Question 60

(know) epithelial membranes are avascular and connective tissue membranes are vascular

Answer 60

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Question 61

What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue membranes?

Answer 61

``` #1 cutaneous membrane #2 serous membranes #3 mucous membranes ```

Question 62

What are 5 functions of the skin

Answer 62

``` #1 protection #2 temperature regulation #3 sense organ activity #4 excretion #5 synthesis of vitamin D ``` (PETSS, protection, excretion, temperature regulation, sense organ activity, synthesis of vitamin D)

Question 63

What are the 5 warning signs of melanoma?

Answer 63

``` #1 asymmetry #2 border #3 color #4 diameter #5 evolving ```

Question 64

The classification and seriousness of a burn injury, as well as appropriate treatment and the possibility for recovery, are determined by 3 major factors :

Answer 64

``` #1 total body surface area affected #2 depth and number of tissue layers involved #3 type of homeostatic mechanisms disrupted, such as respiratory or blood pressure control and fluid and electrolyte balace ```

Question 65

(know) 5% of our blood supply is in our skin

Answer 65

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Question 66

(know) reticular layer makes up 80% of the skin

Answer 66

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Question 67

(know) burns : capillary formability occurs, which means fluid shifts to try to heal the burn. Hypoglycemic shock 24 hours after burn is a risk. Replace fluid.

Answer 67

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Question 68

(know) hypertonic ; shrinks cells

Answer 68

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Question 69

(know) isotonic means equal

Answer 69

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Question 70

(know) hypotonic ; cells get large and rupture

Answer 70

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Question 71

(know) isotonic solutions have normal saline and lactated ringers (LR).

Answer 71

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Question 72

(know) fluid resuscitation with burns, use lactated ringers (LR)

Answer 72

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Question 73

(know) 15 to 20 percent, or more, total BSA that will change the cardiac output (circulating volume)

Answer 73

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Question 74

(know) 2nd degree or greater or partial thickness or greater to be at risk of hyperglycemic shock and needing fluid resuscitation

Answer 74

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