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Nursing > Fundamentals chapter 18 > Flashcards

Fundamentals chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of bones for positioning and moving patients? (4)

A 
#1 bones provide the scaffolding or framework to the body
#2 the skeleton gives the body shape and supports the internal organs
#3 The bones provide places for the ligaments and tendons to attach, thereby allowing movement
#4 The primary function of a joint is to provide movement and flexibility
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2
Q

What changes in the system occur with aging? (5)

A 
#1 bone strength and mass are lost because of mineral resorption. This may lead to osteoporosis, which is more common in women of Asian or Caucasian
#2 the loss of bone density predisposes the older adult to fractures. The fractures do not heal quickly because of the decreased mineral uptake.
#3 Muscle cells are lost (sarcopenia) and replaced by fat. This leads to a loss of muscle strength and endurance.
#4 Muscle fiber elasticity is decreased or lost, causing decreased flexibility
#5 Joint motion may decrease, limiting mobility, activity, and exercise
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3
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

Lost muscle replaced by fat

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4
Q

Fat is also called what

A

atrophy (wasting away of muscle)

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5
Q

How can you keep someone from developing contractures?

A

Range of motion (they do it themselves) or passive range of motion (you do it for them)

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6
Q

Life span considerations for older adults

A

they have a greater risk for skin breakdown because they have decreased muscle mass, connective tissues, and elastin and collagen, as well as less moisture in their skin. This makes the skin more friable and prone to potential injuries such as shearing and pressure ulcers. Always handle older adults with care

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7
Q

What are some examples of places you can get a pressure ucler

A

Your scapula, your shoulders, your tailbone, your hips, you ilium, your knees, heels, ankles, elbows, also your ear

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8
Q

What is the difference between shearing and pressure?

A

Pressure injuries occur from pressure on the skin. Pressure on the skin can also cause necrosis. Shearing is an applied force that causes downward and forward pressure on the tissues beneath the skin.

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9
Q

What is a Dowager

A

The hump at the bottom of the neck usually results from texting and bad posture

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10
Q

BRP

A

bathroom privilege’s

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11
Q

Types of assistance

A

walker, cane, wheelchair, something for stand by

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12
Q

Nursing diagnoses commonly used for problems with body movement are : 4

A 
#1 risk for injury
#2 impaired physical mobility
#3 risk for impaired skin integrity
#4 impaired walking
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13
Q

Examples related to the nursing diagnoses : 4

A 
#1 Patient will experience no musculoskeletal injury 
#2 Patient will return to former level of mobility within 6 months
#3 Skin integrity
#4 Patient will not experience an injury while ambulating
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14
Q

Changing position accomplishes 4 things :

A 
#1 it provides comfort
#2 it relieves pressure on bony prominences
#3 it helps prevent contractures, deformities, and respiratory problems
#4 It improves circulation
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15
Q

When you raise your knees your blood goes to your ___ and your ___ lose circulation and they will get a bedsore there

A

goes to trunk, feet and toes loose circulation

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16
Q

If you don’t have something holding patients feet up what will happen

A

they will get foot drop, and they wont go back

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17
Q

Trochanter rolls

A

rolling up a blanket and putting it on either side of the hip to prevent the hip from spreading out and support the hip

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18
Q

Dorsiflexion is what?

A

foot up

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19
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

a drop in blood pressure from getting up to a lying to sitting to standing or from sitting to standing

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20
Q

What types of machines are considered lifts

A

mechanical lifts, lift or pull sheets, air assisted lateral transfer devices, slide boards, roller boards, and transfer (or gait) belts

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21
Q

What is a slide board (also called a transfer board)

A

a long board, treated with an antistatic coating, to allow the patient to be transferred from bed to stretcher (or vise versa) smoothly and easily

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22
Q

What is a roller board?

A

Works similarly to a slide board except that it contains several roller bars between fixed end bars and it rolls the patient in a “conveyor belt” sort of way

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23
Q

Arrangement in a straight line; bringing a line into order

A

alignment

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24
Q

Walk

A

ambulate

25
Q

internal diameter of a needle

A

bore

26
Q

Small fluid-filled sac that provides a cushion at friction points in freely movable joints

A

bursa

27
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that acts as a cushion

A

cartilage

28
Q

Adaptive shortening of skeletal muscle tissue rendering the muscle highly resistant to stretching; prevents normal joint movement

A

contracture

29
Q

The patient position of sitting on the side of the bed with the legs and feet hanging over the side

A

dangling

30
Q

Position arranged by elevating the head of the bed 60 to 90 degrees

A

Fowler position

31
Q

style of walking

A

gait

32
Q

Sturdy belt made of tightly webbed canvas material that is used to ambulate and/or transfer the weak or unsteady patient

A

gait belt

33
Q

The union of two or more bones in the body

A

joint

34
Q

The study of the movement of body parts, also known as body mechanics

A

kinesiology

35
Q

Positioned on the side

A

lateral position

36
Q

Strong, fibrous connective tissues that support and strengthen the bones of joints

A

ligaments

37
Q

Technique used to turn a patient in bed as a single unit while maintaining straight body alignment at all times

A

logrolling

38
Q

Local death of tissue from disease or injury

A

necrosis

39
Q

Turn or change direction with your feet while remaining in a fixed place

A

pivot

40
Q

Localized damage to the skin and/or underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device

A

pressure injury

41
Q

When the patient is lying face down

A

prone position

42
Q

Position arranged by elevating the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees and raising the knees up to 15 degrees

A

semi-Fowler position

43
Q

Applied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissues beneath the skin

A

shearing force

44
Q

When the patient is resting on his or her side

A

side-lying (lateral) position

45
Q

Side-lying position in which the weight is distributed over the anterior ilium, humerus, and clavicle

A

Sims position

46
Q

Striated muscles that are made of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

A

skeletal muscles

47
Q

Equality in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane; a mirror image

A

symmetry

48
Q

Cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect a muscle to a bone to allow for joint movement

A

tendons

49
Q

Sturdy belt made of tightly webbed canvas material that is used to ambulate and/or transfer the weak or unsteady, patient

A

transfer belt

50
Q

How many times do you perform each exercise?

A

3 times

51
Q

What is the difference between range of motion and passive range of motion

A

Range of motion they do it themselves, passive range of motion you do it for them

52
Q

Principles of good body mechanics

A 
#1 maintain correct anatomic position
#2 change position frequently
53
Q

Incorrect alignment and positioning can cause what complications

A 
#1 interference with circulation
#2 muscle cramps
#3 muscle atrophy
#4 fluid collection in the lungs
54
Q

Two main factors in the development of pressure ulcers

A

pressure on the skin leading to necrosis and shearing force

55
Q

The ___ is appropriate for patients who are resting on their back. It is recommended after spinal surgery, cardiac catherization, and after the administration of some types of spinal anesthetics.

A

Supine position

56
Q

how to place someone in the Sims position

A

When positioning on the left side, place the patient’s left arm behind her, and draw her right knee and thigh up above the left lower leg. Tilt the chest and abdomen forward so the patient is resting on them as well

57
Q

In this position it provides an alternative for patients on prolonged bed rest or who are immobilized. Spinal cord injured patients sometimes use this position.

A

Prone position

58
Q

Be able to tell how you are going to implement moving a patient up in the bed

A 
#1 Perform hand hygiene
#2 lock bed wheels and lower rail, if up, on the side closet to you
#3 place the pillow upright against headboard
59
Q

primary function of joints

A

to provide movement and flexibility to the skeleton

Nursing (80 decks)

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