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Nursing > Fund 19-20 > Flashcards

Fund 19-20 Flashcards

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1
Q

to turn skin white, or on dark skin, turn skin pale

A

blanch

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2
Q

dental cavities

A

caries

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3
Q

waxy substance secreted by the ceruminous glands; earwax

A

cerumen

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4
Q

excessive sweat production; perspiration

A

diaphoresis

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5
Q

slough produced by a thermal burn. corrosive material, or ganrene

A

eschar

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6
Q

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

A

exacerbation

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7
Q

bad breath

A

halitosis

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8
Q

area of the skin that feels hard

A

induration

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9
Q

the softening of tissue that increases the chance of trauma or infection

A

maceration

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10
Q

process in which the blood rushes to where there is a decrease in circulation

A

reactive hyperemia

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11
Q

gland that secretes an oily substance called sebum

A

sebaceous

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12
Q

oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

A

sebum

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13
Q

fainting

A

syncope

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14
Q

illness that results when most or all of the body is exposed to a high dose of radiation, usually over a short period of time

A

acute radiation sickness (ARS)

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15
Q

the phenomenon of nurses becoming desensitized to patient care alarms and missing or delaying their response to the alarm

A

alarm fatigue

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16
Q

biologic agent or condition that can be harmful to a person’s health

A

biohazard

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17
Q

the release of pathogenic microorganisms into a community to achieve political and/or military goals

A

bioterrorism

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18
Q

(1) the process or act of supplying a house or room continuously with fresh air; (2) exchange of air between the lungs and atmosphere

A

ventilation

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19
Q

(know) the skin is the first line of defense in protecting the body from bacteria and other invading organisms. It protects tissues from thermal, chemical, and mechanical injury

A

…

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20
Q

(know) Changes in aging : loss of elastic fibers and adipose tissue in the dermis and subcutaneous layers causes skin to be thinner and more transparent, with wrinkling and sagging. Loss of collagen fibers in the dermis makes the skin more fragile and slower to heal. Decreased sebaceous gland activity causes dry and itchy skin. Temperature control is altered by the decreased sebaceous gland activity and the loss of skin density. This results in cold intolerance and puts the person at risk for heat exhaustion. Hair becomes thin and grows more slowly because of a decrease in the number of hair follicles. Hair loses its color from the loss of melanocytes at the hair follicles. Nail growth decreases and the nails thicken.

A

…

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21
Q

when assessing dark skin color changes pressure areas may have ___

A

purple hues

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22
Q

(know) pressure injury risk factors : immobility. Inactivity. moisture. malnutrition. advanced age. altered sensory perception. lowered mental awareness. friction and shear. dehydration. obesity. edema.

A

…

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23
Q

Medicare will not reimburse health care facilities for “reasonably preventable” pressure injuries. Pressure injuries present on admission must be documented thoroughly and accurately. Treatment for stage 3 or 4 pressure injuries will be reimbursed at a higher rate if they are documented in the medical record within ___ days of inpatient admission

A

2 days

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24
Q

(know) if you note a reddened area when repositioning a patient, reassess later to see whether reactive hyperemia is present. If the redness remains and the skin does not blanch to fingertip pressure, then the patient has a stage 1 pressure injury

A

…

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25
Q

An area of intact skin that is red, deep pink, or mottled skin that does not blanch with fingertip pressure. In people with darker skin, there may be discoloration of the surrounding skin. Warmth, edema, and induration in comparison to surrounding tissue may be signs of a ___ pressure injury

A

stage 1

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26
Q

partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis. The wound bed is pink or red and moist, and may appear as an intact or ruptured blister

A

stage 2

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27
Q

full-thickness skin loss that looks like a deep crater and may extend to the fascia. Subcutaneous tissue is damaged or necrotic; fat is visible. undermining and tunneling may be present. There may be damage to the surrounding tissue. Can’t go back. Becomes a healed stage ___

A

stage 3

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28
Q

full-thickness skin loss with extensive tissue necrosis or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures; sinus tracts may be present. Infection is usually widespread. The injury may appear dry and black, with a buildup of tough, necrotic tissue, or it can appear wet and oozing

A

stage 4

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29
Q

loss of full thickness of tissue. The base of the injury is covered by eschar (tan, brown, or black) in the wound bed, or the base of the injury contains slough (yellow, tan, gray, green, or brown)

A

unstageable

30
Q

localized discolored intact skin that is maroon or purple or a blood-filled blister resulting from damage to underlying soft tissue from pressure or shearing

A

deep tissue pressure injury

31
Q

(know) document the location of any abnormality, its color and size, and reaction to the blanch test. Add other descriptive terms as they apply, including induration, blisters, drainage, odor, or eschar. Some institutions use forms with an outline of a body so you can draw the location of the area(s) involved

A

…

32
Q

A braden score of ___ or below indicates pressure injury risk

A

18

33
Q

What are the four basic purposes of bathing

A 
#1 cleanse the skin
#2 promote comfort
#3 stimulate circulation
#4 remove waste products secreted through the skin
34
Q

What temperature should bath water be

A

105F or 40.6C

35
Q

(know) if there has not been damage, then you expect the redness to subside in 30 to 45 minutes

A

…

36
Q

(know) patient should only be in a wheelchair for 1 hour

A

..

37
Q

Starch or oatmeal baths, using plain instant oatmeal, are used for patients with ___

A

dermatitis

38
Q

(know) whirlpool baths can make wounds worse, get an order

A

…

39
Q

Cooling bath ___, get an oder

A

brings down fever

40
Q

Sitz baths are used with ___

A

maternity

41
Q

(know) alcohol, astringents, or water may be used to loosen hair strands that are tangled or matted

A

…

42
Q

(know) mouth care for the unconscious patient : raise bed level to a comfortable working height. Turn patient laterally on side of bed nearest you. Lower side rail. With patient’s head turned to the side, intermittently rinse the mouth by gently squirting water in with the syringe; use the suction device to remove water and debris

A

…

43
Q

(Know) denture care : rinse well in tepid water and place in denture cup or emesis basin that is half filled with cool water. Clean the patient’s mouth with a soft brush and toothpaste

A

…

44
Q

(know) the hair of african americans tends to be fragile and may be easily injury or damaged. It should be washed every 7 to 14 days. It can be rinsed daily. This type of hair breaks easily, and a wide-toothed “pick” comb should be used to comb out tangles. The hair should be combed while wet. A leave-in type of conditioner should be used daily. Do not use heat for drying the hair. A satin pillowcase, scarf, or cap may be desired for sleep to decrease tangling. Alternatively, the hair may be plaited or tied back for sleep, making sure it is not too tight. Style is a matter of individual preference

A

…

45
Q

(know) a written, informed consent is necessary to cut a patient’s hair

A

…

46
Q

(know) check the patient’s medical record to see whether the patient has any bleeding tendencies or is receiving medication that would contraindicate the use of a safety razor. A safety razor should not be used when a patient has a low platelet count, is receiving an anticoagulant, is undergoing chemotherapy, or is on aspirin therapy.

A

…

47
Q

(know) never cut the toenails of a patient with diabetes or circulatory disease of the lower extremities without a written order. Nails must be filed by a nurse not a tech in that case

A

…

48
Q

(know) if crusting is noted, soak the eyelid with a warm, damp washcloth for 2 to 3 minutes to soften the crust and ease its removal.

A

…

49
Q

(know) if a lens suction cup is not available, check with a colleague who wears such lenses and is familiar with the procedure for assistance

A

…

50
Q

What are the 5 types of hearing aids

A 
#1 behind-the-ear (BTE)
#2 Mini (BTE)
#3 In-the-ear (ITE)
#4 in-the-canal (ITC)
#5 Completely-in-canal (CIC)
51
Q

maintaining airflow out of the room

A

positive air flow

52
Q

maintaining airflow into the room

A

negative airflow

53
Q

(know) patients with transmittable respiratory diseases or burns require a negative airflow room

A

…

54
Q

What is the first action you would take in the event of a fire?

A

Rescue any patients in immediate danger by removing them from the area. Activate the fire alarm system. Contain the fire by closing all doors and any open windows. Extinguish the flames with an appropriate extinguisher or evacuate.

55
Q

Biohazard substance, what must be stored in a unit?

A

SDS

56
Q

(know) The Main cause of noise at hospitals are nurses talking and laughing

A

…

57
Q

Circulatory disease, need toenails trimmed?

A

Best practice is to call a podiatrist and let them do it. Also, instead of trimming you could file their nails but a nurse must be the one to do that. You need a doctor’s order to cut the nails.

58
Q

What actions would you take to promote patient safety?

A

Side rails up, bed low position, call light

59
Q

(know) Index and middle finger needs to fit in between devices on patient

A

…

60
Q

Need to know about therapeutic bath (4)

A

A therapeutic bath means having healing or medicinal qualities. A whirlpool bath (get an order, can make wounds worse), starch or oatmeal bath (used for patients with dermatitis), sitz bath (used for maternity), cooling sponge baths (used to bring down fever, get an order)

61
Q

If someone is diuretic and skin flush and cool what action would you take?

A

Need to offer more fluids, patient needs to be dried well after bath

62
Q

Appropriate hygiene goal for the elderly?

A

skin thin, dry, have decrease sweat don’t need daily shower

63
Q

(know) When documenting pressure ulcers need to know how ALWAYS MEASURE

A

…

64
Q

Someone prefers a side lying position where they would most likely get a pressure ulcer?

A

Shoulder. Perineum. Anterior knee. Malleolus. Trochanter. Ilium. Side of head.

65
Q

Know how to do a Complete bed bath to unconscious patient

A

Wash eyes without soap if eyes matted can use baby soap but try warm compress with just water

66
Q

Know how to get Tangles out of someone’s hair

A

Brush from the bottom up. Hold the hair between the scalp and the area you are brushing or combing. Braiding the hair helps to reduce tangles. Alcohol, astringents, or water may be used to loosen hair strands that are tangled or matted.

67
Q

Prevention of pressure ulcers?

A

Dont position anyone directly on bone

68
Q

Safety measures for patient during ambulation

A

Use a gait belt, make sure bed and chair wheels are locked, determine amount of assistance needed

69
Q

Common factors that predispose person to falls

A

Impaired physical mobility, altered mental status, and sensory and/or motor deficits

70
Q

How often do you remove safety devices and what to do ?

A

every two hours ; ROM

Nursing (80 decks)

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