Med Surg Ch 3 Flashcards
a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Works in the renal tubules to retain sodium and conserve water by reabsorption; increases urinary potassium excretion
aldosterone
the difference between the negative ions and the primary measured positive ions
anion gap
negatively charged atomic particle
anion
A hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules. It is secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
the accumulation of edematous fluid within the peritoneal cavity
ascites
A hormone involved in the regulation of renal and cardiovascular homeostasis. It is produced in the atrium and helps normalize blood pressure and volume by causing mild diuresis
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
hormone released by the ventricles of the heart that promotes loss of water and sodium ions from the kidney tubules and causes vasodilatation
brain natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide
a spasm of the hand, thumbs, foot, or toes that accompanies tetany
carpopedal spasm
positively charged atomic particles
cations
the spontaneous mixing of the molecules or ions of two or more substances; the result of random thermal motion
diffusion
a chemical substance that, when dissolved in water, dissociates into irons and thus can conduct an electric current
electrolyte(s)
the pressure or force caused by the presence of a fluid
hydrostatic pressure
an excessive amount of chloride in the blood
hyperchloremia
an excessive amount of potassium in the blood
hyperkalemia
an excessive amount of sodium in the blood
hypernatremia
of greater concentration
hypertonic
an abnormal increase in the volume of circulating blood
hypervolemia
injection of fluid into subcutaneous tissue via continuous infusion
hypodermoclysis
insufficient oxygenation of the blood
hypoxemia
unconscious; without feeling or consciousness
insensible
placed or lying between
interstitial
atoms or groups of atoms that have an electrical charge through the gain or loss of an electron
ions
the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood because of incomplete metabolism of fats, resulting in metabolic acidosis
ketoacidosis
the passage of solvent from a solution of lesser concentration to one of greater concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
the continuous tonic spasm of a muscle; associated with calcium deficit, vitamin D deficiency, and alkalosis
tetany
between cells, but within an epithelial membrane
transcellular
