Med Surg Ch 3

Question 1

a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Works in the renal tubules to retain sodium and conserve water by reabsorption; increases urinary potassium excretion

Answer 1

aldosterone

Question 2

the difference between the negative ions and the primary measured positive ions

Answer 2

anion gap

Question 3

negatively charged atomic particle

Answer 3

anion

Question 4

A hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules. It is secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

the accumulation of edematous fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Answer 5

ascites

Question 6

A hormone involved in the regulation of renal and cardiovascular homeostasis. It is produced in the atrium and helps normalize blood pressure and volume by causing mild diuresis

Answer 6

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 7

hormone released by the ventricles of the heart that promotes loss of water and sodium ions from the kidney tubules and causes vasodilatation

Answer 7

brain natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide

Question 8

a spasm of the hand, thumbs, foot, or toes that accompanies tetany

Answer 8

carpopedal spasm

Question 9

positively charged atomic particles

Answer 9

cations

Question 10

the spontaneous mixing of the molecules or ions of two or more substances; the result of random thermal motion

Answer 10

diffusion

Question 11

a chemical substance that, when dissolved in water, dissociates into irons and thus can conduct an electric current

Answer 11

electrolyte(s)

Question 12

the pressure or force caused by the presence of a fluid

Answer 12

hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

an excessive amount of chloride in the blood

Answer 13

hyperchloremia

Question 14

an excessive amount of potassium in the blood

Answer 14

hyperkalemia

Question 15

an excessive amount of sodium in the blood

Answer 15

hypernatremia

Question 16

of greater concentration

Answer 16

hypertonic

Question 17

an abnormal increase in the volume of circulating blood

Answer 17

hypervolemia

Question 18

injection of fluid into subcutaneous tissue via continuous infusion

Answer 18

hypodermoclysis

Question 19

insufficient oxygenation of the blood

Answer 19

hypoxemia

Question 20

unconscious; without feeling or consciousness

Answer 20

insensible

Question 21

placed or lying between

Answer 21

interstitial

Question 22

atoms or groups of atoms that have an electrical charge through the gain or loss of an electron

Answer 22

ions

Question 23

the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood because of incomplete metabolism of fats, resulting in metabolic acidosis

Answer 23

ketoacidosis

Question 24

the passage of solvent from a solution of lesser concentration to one of greater concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 24

osmosis

Question 25

the continuous tonic spasm of a muscle; associated with calcium deficit, vitamin D deficiency, and alkalosis

Answer 25

tetany

Question 26

between cells, but within an epithelial membrane

Answer 26

transcellular