Fund 16 and 17 2.0 Flashcards
agent that is capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms
antibiotic
substance capable of killing or suppressing the multiplication and growth of microorganisms
antimicrobial
Chemical compound used on skin or tissue to eliminate microorganisms
antiseptic
destruction and/or containment of infectious agents after they leave the body of a patient with an infectious disease
asepsis
free of microorganisms
aseptic
single-celled microorganisms lacking a nucleus, which can reproduce as quickly as every few minutes, depending on conditions
bacteria
agent that destroys infection-producing organisms
disinfectant
tiny, primitive organisms of the plant kingdom that contain no chlorophyll and reproduce by means of spores; present in soil, air, and water EX: yeast and mold
fungi
parasitic worms or flukes that belong to the animal kingdom. EX: roundworms and tapeworms and pinworms (most common in children)
helminths
reaction of the body to substances interpreted as non-self
immune response
biologic response modifier that affects cellular growth
interferon
the practice of reducing the number of organisms present or reducing the risk for transmission of organisms
medical asepsis
organism only visible with a microscope
microorganism
any disease-producing organism
pathogen
proteinaceous particles believed to be responsible for transmissible neurodegenerative diseases. Example is Creutzfeldt-jakob disease (a human version of mad cow disease)
prions
one-celled microscopic organisms belonging to the animal kingdom. Causes diarrhea
protozoa
Genus of small, rod-shaped to round microorganisms found inn tissue cells of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites and transmitted to humans by their bites. EX: rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus
Rickettsia
precautions that protect both the nurse and the patient from infection and are to be used for every patient contact
standard precautions
without pathologic organisms
sterile
the process of rendering an article free of microorganisms and their pathogenic products
sterilization
the practice of preparing and handling materials in a way that prevents the patient’s exposure to living microorganisms
surgical asepsis
Extremely small particles of nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA, with a coat of protein, and in some cases a membranous envelope, that can trigger an immune reaction or damage cells in other ways
viruses
Nonpathogenic organisms that are prevalent on and in the body are called ___. It prevents more harmful microorganisms from colonizing and multiplying within the body
normal flora
___ are responsible for the symptoms seen in diseases such as botulism, tetanus, diphtheria, and Escherichia coli infection. They are found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, they are released when the cell ruptures. They stimulate fever inflammation, hypotension, and changes in blood clotting.
endotoxins
The specimen to be tested for bacteria is placed on a slide, stained, and then treated with a contrasting dye; those retaining the stain are ___, and those losing the stain and taking up the counterstain are ___.
Gram Positive ; Gram Negative
(know) many gram-negative bacteria are more dangerous than gram-positive bacteria because they may produce an endotoxin that can cause hemorrhagic shock and severe diarrhea and can alter resistance to other bacterial infection.
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Classification of bacteria according to their morphology (shape) places and places them into groups (3 main and 3 others)
#1 cocci (round) #2 bacilli (rod shaped) #3 spirochetes (spiral) #4 chains (streptococci) #5 pairs (diplococci) #6 clusters (staphylococci)
(know) you need to acquire a culture sensitivity before prescribing or giving an antibiotic
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(know) The sensitivity results, available 48 to 72 hours after the culture, typically show the organism is resistant, susceptible, or has intermediate resistance. The nurse must be sure the primary care provider is aware of the sensitivity results in case treatment needs to be altered
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What is the Chain of infection (6)
#1 causative agent #2 reservoir #3 portal of exit #4 mode of transfer #5 portal of entry #6 susceptible host
What are the 4 stages of the infection process
#1 incubation #2 prodrome #3 illness #4 convalescence