Med Admin 2+3 2.0 Flashcards
An order for a drug to be given as needed based on a nurse’s judgement of safety and patient needed
as needed or “PRN” drug order
A special designation from the FDA that the drug has a higher-than-normal risk for causing serious and even life threatening problems in addition to its positive benefits for some people
black box warning
drugs that are highly regulated because they are commonly abused. Also known as “scheduled drugs”
controlled substances
A one-time drug order to be given immediately
emergency or “stat” drug order
drugs that have the potential to cause significant harm to patients
high-alert drugs
the nurse’s authority as defined by the state nurse practice act. it involves the nurse’s judgment and actions while performing professional duties. All nurses must know what is legal in regard to drugs in the state they practice in
legal responsibility
the state law that licenses LPN, RN, nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners, and nurse midwives. It describes the minimal educational preparation and professional requirements needed to perform specific functions, including drug administration, to protect the public safety
nurse practice act
category of drugs identified by federal legislation as having low risk to patients and may be purchased without prescription; have low risk for abuse; and are safe when directions are followed
over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
the actual physical symptoms that occur with drug withdrawal
physical dependence
category of drugs regulated by federal legislation because they are dangerous and their use must be controlled; may be purchased only when prescribed. Examples are antibiotics or oral birth control pills
prescription drugs
the authority designated by an individual state that determines who is legally permitted to write an order or prescription for drugs
prescriptive authority
The obligation of nurses to act appropriately, ethically, and to the best of their ability as a healthcare provider
professional responsibility
feeling of anxiety, stress, or tension when a patient does not have a medication
psychologic dependence
a one-time order to be given at a specified time
single drug order
a drug order that indicates that the drug is to be given until discontinued or for a certain number of doses
standing drug order
Drugs enter the body and pass into the circulation to reach the part of the body it needs to affect through the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
absorption
when two drugs are given together and either make one drug stronger or make the action of the two drugs more powerful
additive effect
severe symptoms or problems that can cause great harm
adverse reaction
drugs that work by activating or unlocking cell receptors causing the same actions as the body’s own chemicals
agonist
an antigen-antibody response that can cause hives, rashes, itching, or swelling
allergy
a severe life-threatening form of an allergic reaction
anaphylactic reaction
drugs that attach at a drug receptor site but do not activate or unlock the receptor
antagonist
drug products that are chemically the same or identical
bioequivalent
the transformation or altering of a drug into either active or inactive chemicals after it has been absorbed
biotransformation
the proprietary name that a manufacturer gives to a specific drug. Also known as a trade name
brand name
Drug placement against the cheek
buccal
the names of the chemicals that actually form the drug
chemical name
the drug does what it is supposed to do
desired action
movement of a drug in the body to reach its site of action by way of the blood and lymph system
distribution
when one drug changes the action of another drug
drug interaction
giving a drug by way of the gastrointestinal system; oral, feeding tube, sublingual, and rectally
enteral (route)
After they are consumed, drugs are inactivated in the liver before being distributed to other parts of the body
first-pass (effect)
the most common drug name used by the manufacturer in all countries.
generic name
the time it takes the body to remove 50% of the drug from the body
half-life
adverse drug effects that can result in liver damage
hepatotoxic
an exaggerated response to a drug. an allergy is an example
hypersensitivity response
responses to a drug that are peculiar and unpredicted
idiosyncratic response
giving a drug by the way of an injection deep into the muscle
intramuscular (IM)
giving a drug by the way of an injection into a vein or giving the drug into tubing that is connected to a catheter that is inserted into a vein
intravenous (IV)
adverse drug effects that can result in kidney damage
nephrotoxic
giving a drug by way of an injection or an infusion underneath the skin
parenteral (route)
drugs that attach to the receptor site but produce only a partial effect rather than a full effect
partial agonist
giving a drug by way of absorption through the skin. Topical creams, patches, or devices under the skin are common examples
percutaneous (route)
the effects of a drug on body function (what a drug does to the body)
pharmacodynamics
the metabolism of a drug within the body (what the body does to a drug)
pharmacokinetics
the use of drugs in the treatment of disease
pharmacotherapeutics
drugs that must be metabolized before they are active
prodrug
Small “lock-like” areas of cell membranes that control what substances either enter the cell or change its activity
receptor site
mild but annoying responses to the drug. Nausea and headache are examples
side effect
the ability of a drug to dissolve in body fluids
solubility
drug placement into fatty tissue
subcutaneous
drug placement under the tounge
sublingual
the effect of two drugs taken at the same time is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone
synergistic effect
the proprietary name that a manufacturer gives to a specific drug. Also known as a brand name
trade name
What does a legal prescription order contain? (7)
#1 date #2 name of drug #3 route of administration #4 dose #5 frequency #6 duration #7 signature of prescriber
What is PINCH?
P is for potassium I is for insulin N is for narcotics C is for cancer chemotherapy drugs H is for heparin or any drug that interferes with blood clotting
Action a nurse need to take to waste a controlled substance?
two nurses must sign the inventory report and describe the situation
Fastest route?
intravenous/inhalation
Is the tendency of the molecules of a substance (gas, liquid, or solid) to move from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration
diffusion
is the diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane; the flow is primarily from the thicker or more concentrated solution to the thinner or less concentrated solution
osmosis
is the passage of a substance through a filter or through a material that prevents passage of certain molecules
filtration
About liver disease impairing biotransformation of medication
liver disease may impair the transformation of the inactive form of the prodrug into an active form of the drug
About the affects of grapefruit juice and the absorption of many drugs
grapefruit juice affects (usually reduces) the absorption
