AP chapter 2

Question 1

The number of protons and neutrons combined is the atom’s ___

Answer 1

atomic mass

Question 2

What is the symbol for Oxygen

Answer 2

O

Question 3

What is the symbol for Carbon

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the symbol for Hydrogen

Answer 4

H

Question 5

What is the symbol for Nitrogen

Answer 5

N

Question 6

What is the symbol for Calcium

Answer 6

Ca

Question 7

What is the symbol for Phosphorus

Answer 7

P

Question 8

What is the symbol for Sodium

Answer 8

Na

Question 9

What is the symbol for Potassium

Answer 9

K

Question 10

What is the symbol for Chlorine

Answer 10

Cl

Question 11

What is the symbol for Iodine

Answer 11

I

Question 12

What are the four kinds of atoms?

Answer 12

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 13

___ form to make atoms more stable

Answer 13

Chemical bonds

Question 14

Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges

Answer 14

ionic bond

Question 15

___ usually dissolve easily in water because water molecules are attracted to ions and wedge between the ions - thus forcing them apart

Answer 15

ionic compounds

Question 16

When an ionic compound dissociates in water, it forms these

Answer 16

electrolytes

Question 17

___ do not form new molecules but instead provide subtle forces that help a large molecule to stay in a particular shape

Answer 17

hydrogen bond

Question 18

___ is the most important inorganic compound in the body

Answer 18

water

Question 19

___ are interactions among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations

Answer 19

Chemical reactions

Question 20

In this reaction, water disrupts the bond in large molecules, braking them down into smaller molecules

Answer 20

Hydrolysis

Question 21

The pH of body fluids affects body chemistry so greatly that normal body function can be maintained only within a narrow rang of pH of about ___ to ___

Answer 21

7.35 to 7.45 (7.25 to 7.35)?

Question 22

___ is low blood pH

Answer 22

Acidosis

Question 23

___ is high blood pH

Answer 23

Alkalosis

Question 24

___ maintain pH balance by preventing sudden changes in the H+ ion concentration

Answer 24

Buffers

Question 25

What are the major types of organic compounds found in the body?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 26

The basic unit of many carbohydrate molecules is called a ___

Answer 26

monosaccharide

Question 27

Many saccharide units joined together form ___

Answer 27

polysaccharides

Question 28

Examples of polysaccharides are ___ and ___

Answer 28

glycogen and starch

Question 29

___ have potential energy stored in their bonds

Answer 29

Carbohydrates

Question 30

Major types of lipids include ___, ___, and ___

Answer 30

triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 31

___ are lipid molecules formed by a ___ unit or "head" joined to three ___ "tails"

Answer 31

triglycerides, glycerol, and fatty acid

Question 32

Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic units called ___

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

___ are shaped in ways that allow them to form essential structures of the body

Answer 33

Structural protiens

Question 34

___ holds most of the body tissues together. This is an example of a structural protein

Answer 34

Collagen

Question 35

___ forms a network of waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin

Answer 35

Keratin

Question 36

___ are chemical catalysts

Answer 36

Enzymes

Question 37

___ are lipid protein combinations

Answer 37

Lipoproteins

Question 38

The basic building blocks for nucleic acids are called ___

Answer 38

nucleotides

Question 39

DNA nucleotide bases include ___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 39

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 40

RNA nucleotide bases include ___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 40

adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine

Question 41

___ bind to one another to form strands or other structures

Answer 41

Nucleotides

Question 42

___ is a base and a sugar

Answer 42

Adenosine

Question 43

A subatomic particle with a positive charge

Answer 43

proton

Question 44

A substance that resists a change in pH

Answer 44

base

Question 45

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

Answer 45

electron

Question 46

The number of protons in an atom

Answer 46

atomic number

Question 47

A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

Answer 47

element

Question 48

A subatomic particle with no charge

Answer 48

neutron

Question 49

A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ion in a solution

Answer 49

acid

Question 50

A bond formed when electrons are shared

Answer 50

covalent bond

Question 51

A process where a molecule of water is removed to make two small molecules into one larger molecule

Answer 51

dehydration synthesis

Question 52

This is the polysaccharide that the human body stores for energy

Answer 52

glycogen

Question 53

This is a special type of nucleotide that is used to transfer energy in the body

Answer 53

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 54

This is the monosaccharide that the body prefers for its source of energy

Answer 54

Glucose

Question 55

This lipid has a side that attracts water and another side that repels water and is important in formation of cell membranes

Answer 55

phospholipids