AP chapter 2 Flashcards
The number of protons and neutrons combined is the atom’s ___
atomic mass
What is the symbol for Oxygen
O
What is the symbol for Carbon
C
What is the symbol for Hydrogen
H
What is the symbol for Nitrogen
N
What is the symbol for Calcium
Ca
What is the symbol for Phosphorus
P
What is the symbol for Sodium
Na
What is the symbol for Potassium
K
What is the symbol for Chlorine
Cl
What is the symbol for Iodine
I
What are the four kinds of atoms?
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
___ form to make atoms more stable
Chemical bonds
Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges
ionic bond
___ usually dissolve easily in water because water molecules are attracted to ions and wedge between the ions - thus forcing them apart
ionic compounds
When an ionic compound dissociates in water, it forms these
electrolytes
___ do not form new molecules but instead provide subtle forces that help a large molecule to stay in a particular shape
hydrogen bond
___ is the most important inorganic compound in the body
water
___ are interactions among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations
Chemical reactions
In this reaction, water disrupts the bond in large molecules, braking them down into smaller molecules
Hydrolysis
The pH of body fluids affects body chemistry so greatly that normal body function can be maintained only within a narrow rang of pH of about ___ to ___
7.35 to 7.45 (7.25 to 7.35)?
___ is low blood pH
Acidosis
___ is high blood pH
Alkalosis
___ maintain pH balance by preventing sudden changes in the H+ ion concentration
Buffers
What are the major types of organic compounds found in the body?
Carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, and nucleic acids
The basic unit of many carbohydrate molecules is called a ___
monosaccharide
Many saccharide units joined together form ___
polysaccharides
Examples of polysaccharides are ___ and ___
glycogen and starch
___ have potential energy stored in their bonds
Carbohydrates
Major types of lipids include ___, ___, and ___
triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
___ are lipid molecules formed by a ___ unit or “head” joined to three ___ “tails”
triglycerides, glycerol, and fatty acid
Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic units called ___
amino acids
___ are shaped in ways that allow them to form essential structures of the body
Structural protiens
___ holds most of the body tissues together. This is an example of a structural protein
Collagen
___ forms a network of waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin
Keratin
___ are chemical catalysts
Enzymes
___ are lipid protein combinations
Lipoproteins
The basic building blocks for nucleic acids are called ___
nucleotides
DNA nucleotide bases include ___, ___, ___, and ___
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
RNA nucleotide bases include ___, ___, ___, and ___
adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
___ bind to one another to form strands or other structures
Nucleotides
___ is a base and a sugar
Adenosine
A subatomic particle with a positive charge
proton
A substance that resists a change in pH
base
A subatomic particle with a negative charge
electron
The number of protons in an atom
atomic number
A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
element
A subatomic particle with no charge
neutron
A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ion in a solution
acid
A bond formed when electrons are shared
covalent bond
A process where a molecule of water is removed to make two small molecules into one larger molecule
dehydration synthesis
This is the polysaccharide that the human body stores for energy
glycogen
This is a special type of nucleotide that is used to transfer energy in the body
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
This is the monosaccharide that the body prefers for its source of energy
Glucose
This lipid has a side that attracts water and another side that repels water and is important in formation of cell membranes
phospholipids
