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Nursing > AP chapter 2 > Flashcards

AP chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The number of protons and neutrons combined is the atom’s ___

A

atomic mass

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2
Q

What is the symbol for Oxygen

A

O

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3
Q

What is the symbol for Carbon

A

C

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4
Q

What is the symbol for Hydrogen

A

H

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5
Q

What is the symbol for Nitrogen

A

N

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6
Q

What is the symbol for Calcium

A

Ca

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7
Q

What is the symbol for Phosphorus

A

P

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8
Q

What is the symbol for Sodium

A

Na

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9
Q

What is the symbol for Potassium

A

K

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10
Q

What is the symbol for Chlorine

A

Cl

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11
Q

What is the symbol for Iodine

A

I

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12
Q

What are the four kinds of atoms?

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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13
Q

___ form to make atoms more stable

A

Chemical bonds

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14
Q

Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges

A

ionic bond

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15
Q

___ usually dissolve easily in water because water molecules are attracted to ions and wedge between the ions - thus forcing them apart

A

ionic compounds

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16
Q

When an ionic compound dissociates in water, it forms these

A

electrolytes

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17
Q

___ do not form new molecules but instead provide subtle forces that help a large molecule to stay in a particular shape

A

hydrogen bond

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18
Q

___ is the most important inorganic compound in the body

A

water

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19
Q

___ are interactions among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations

A

Chemical reactions

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20
Q

In this reaction, water disrupts the bond in large molecules, braking them down into smaller molecules

A

Hydrolysis

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21
Q

The pH of body fluids affects body chemistry so greatly that normal body function can be maintained only within a narrow rang of pH of about ___ to ___

A

7.35 to 7.45 (7.25 to 7.35)?

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22
Q

___ is low blood pH

A

Acidosis

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23
Q

___ is high blood pH

A

Alkalosis

24
Q

___ maintain pH balance by preventing sudden changes in the H+ ion concentration

A

Buffers

25
Q

What are the major types of organic compounds found in the body?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, and nucleic acids

26
Q

The basic unit of many carbohydrate molecules is called a ___

A

monosaccharide

27
Q

Many saccharide units joined together form ___

A

polysaccharides

28
Q

Examples of polysaccharides are ___ and ___

A

glycogen and starch

29
Q

___ have potential energy stored in their bonds

A

Carbohydrates

30
Q

Major types of lipids include ___, ___, and ___

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

31
Q

___ are lipid molecules formed by a ___ unit or “head” joined to three ___ “tails”

A

triglycerides, glycerol, and fatty acid

32
Q

Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic units called ___

A

amino acids

33
Q

___ are shaped in ways that allow them to form essential structures of the body

A

Structural protiens

34
Q

___ holds most of the body tissues together. This is an example of a structural protein

A

Collagen

35
Q

___ forms a network of waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin

A

Keratin

36
Q

___ are chemical catalysts

A

Enzymes

37
Q

___ are lipid protein combinations

A

Lipoproteins

38
Q

The basic building blocks for nucleic acids are called ___

A

nucleotides

39
Q

DNA nucleotide bases include ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

40
Q

RNA nucleotide bases include ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine

41
Q

___ bind to one another to form strands or other structures

A

Nucleotides

42
Q

___ is a base and a sugar

A

Adenosine

43
Q

A subatomic particle with a positive charge

A

proton

44
Q

A substance that resists a change in pH

A

base

45
Q

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

A

electron

46
Q

The number of protons in an atom

A

atomic number

47
Q

A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

A

element

48
Q

A subatomic particle with no charge

A

neutron

49
Q

A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ion in a solution

A

acid

50
Q

A bond formed when electrons are shared

A

covalent bond

51
Q

A process where a molecule of water is removed to make two small molecules into one larger molecule

A

dehydration synthesis

52
Q

This is the polysaccharide that the human body stores for energy

A

glycogen

53
Q

This is a special type of nucleotide that is used to transfer energy in the body

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

54
Q

This is the monosaccharide that the body prefers for its source of energy

A

Glucose

55
Q

This lipid has a side that attracts water and another side that repels water and is important in formation of cell membranes

A

phospholipids

Nursing (80 decks)

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