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Nursing > BN chapter 13 and 15 > Flashcards

BN chapter 13 and 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

A continual process of biologic, cognitive, and psychosocial change

A

Aging

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2
Q

What is a gernontologist

A

specialists in the study of aging people

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3
Q

what is biologic theories

A

theories based on cellular function and body physiology

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4
Q

This theory states that body cells are programmed to function for a specific length of time after which they break down and die. When too many cells quit functioning, the person eventually dies

A

biologic clock

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5
Q

This theory believes that cells are damaged by toxins, ions break off from ion pairs, and the resulting free radicals are unstable

A

free-radical theory

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6
Q

This theory states that body cells and organs eventually wear out, like machinery

A

wear and tear theory

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7
Q

This theory states the system loses its ability to protect the body from disease

A

immune system failure theory

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8
Q

This theory states the body no longer recognizes itself and begins to attack itself and break down, as occurs in some types of arthritis

A

autoimmune theory

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9
Q

What is psychosocial theories

A

theories related to socialization and life satisfaction

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10
Q

This theory suggests that it is normal for older people and society to withdraw from each other

A

disengagement theory

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11
Q

This theory states that people who remain interested and active will continue to enjoy life and to live longer

A

activity theory

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12
Q

This theory states each individual continues to live and develop as the unique person he or she is. Individuals’ basic personalities do not change, and they cope with aging in ways similar to how they coped with other stages of life

A

continuity theory

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13
Q

Food is a catalyst for ___

A

auto immune disorders

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14
Q

What is the maximum life span for humans

A

115 to 130

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15
Q

What does longevity mean?

A

length of life

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16
Q

What are 6 contributions to longevity

A 
#1 healthier
#2 education
#3 lifestyle
#4 Personality
#5 Gender
#6 genetics
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17
Q

What is demographic

A

statistics about populations

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18
Q

What is benign senescence

A

normal physical changes of aging

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19
Q

The “young old” are ages ___ to ___

A

65 to 74

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20
Q

The “middle old” are ages ___ to ___

A

75 to 84

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21
Q

The “very old” are ages ___ to __

A

85 and beyond

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22
Q

What are the 3 top common health concerns for people 75+

A 
#1 hypertension
#2 arthritis
#3 heart disease
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23
Q

Schaie’s stage of cognitive development for older adults is called the ___. This states that older adults are more selective about how they spend their day

A

reintegrative stage

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24
Q

What does ego integrity mean

A

state of being complete

25
Q

What are 3 things adult children should try to do

A 
#1 plan ahead
#2 include everyone
#3 find important information
26
Q

Satir noted that, when people experience change, loss. and grief, they progress through 6 stages :

A 
#1 status quo
#2 introduction of a foreign element
#3 chaos
#4 integration
#5 practice
#6 new status quo
27
Q

What is bereavement

A

the state of having suffered a loss by death

28
Q

What are the five grief indicators (peak within 6 months after loss)

A 
#1 denial
#2 yearning
#3 anger
#4 depression
#5 acceptance
29
Q

Brain death is characterized by 3 cardinal findings :

A 
#1 coma
#2 absence of brain stem reflexes
#3 apnea
30
Q

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the goal of palliative care is to :

A

reproduce or relieve the symptoms of a disease without attempting to provide a cure

31
Q

___ can improve balance and help prevent falls

A

resistance training

32
Q

What is the intent of hospice?

A

To help patients in the end stage of life, and their families, to experience the process of death with the highest quality of life and least amount of disruption as possible

33
Q

Multiple theories have identified commonly seen patterns and emotions experienced by the dying persons and their loved one: (6)

A 
#1 fear of dying
#2 yearning
#3 guilt
#4 hope
#5 despair
#6 humor
34
Q

What are the 5 stages of coping with death

A 
#1 denial
#2 anger
#3 bargaining
#4 depression
#5 acceptance
35
Q

What is thanatology

A

the study of death

36
Q

The concept of comfort care :

A

focuses on identifying symptoms that cause the patient distress and adequately treating those symptoms

37
Q

What is the 3 step ladder

A

The WHO has developed a 3 step ladder to follow the adequate pain relief. According to this ladder:

#1 start with nonopioid drugs + 1 adjuvant therapy
#2 If pain persists or increases, add an opioid designated for mild to moderate pain
#3 If pain persists or increases, change to an opioid designated for moderate to severe pain
38
Q

What do you need to do to determine the necessity for increasing dosage

A

Carefully asses pain location, intensity, and response to medication every 2 to 4 hours or more often if needed

39
Q

What are Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

respirations that gradually become shallower and are followed by periods of apnea (no breathing) - may be noted

40
Q

What is Euthanasia

A

the act of ending another person’s life to end suffering, with (voluntary) or without (involuntary) his consent. It may be called “mercy killing”

41
Q

What is passive euthanasia

A

when a patient chooses to die by refusing treatment that might prolong life

42
Q

What is active euthanasia

A

generally defined as administering a drug or treatment to end the patient’s life

43
Q

What is assisted suicide

A

It is making available to patients the means to end their life (such as a weapon or drug) with knowledge that suicide is their intent

44
Q

What is a coroner

A

a person with legal authority to determine cause of death

45
Q

What helps decrease mental decline

A

regular exercise of at least 30 minutes 5 times a week

46
Q

What is the definition of death?

A

Brain death …. the cessation of all physical and chemical processes that invariably occurs in all living organisms; a stage of life

47
Q

In 2013 how many people were over the age 65?

A

nearly 45 million people ; 14 % of the Total population

48
Q

How many centurions were in the 2010 census

A

53364 … 20 men to 100 women

49
Q

who is likely to fall victim to elderly abuse

A

people over 80 with the primary type being neglect

50
Q

What are 3 early signs of dementia

A

confusion, memory loss, and disordered thinking

51
Q

Increased heart size. Decreased cardiac output, causing less blood flow to all organs; thickened heart valves and blood vessels; less elasticity of blood vessels; slower blood cell production and immune response

A

cardiovascular

52
Q

thickened alveolar walls, causing less elasticity. Weakened respiratory muscles. Decreased vital capacity and tidal volume (air pulled into lungs) Decreased number of cilia (lack of oxygen)

A

repiratory

53
Q

thinned intervertebral disks, decreased bone calcium, and smaller muscle mass (atrophy) Less elasticity of ligaments and tendons (stiff) Degeneration of cartilage (change in gait)

A

Musculoskeletal

54
Q

Thinner, drier skin. Loss of subcutaneous fat. Slowed rate of hair and nail growth

A

integumentary

55
Q

Decreased bladder capacity and tone. Loss of nephrons, slowed function of remaining nephrons. (UTI, kidney infection) Decreased sphincter control. (bladder infection)

A

Urologic

56
Q

Vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch, balance, reflexes

A

neurologic

57
Q

Slowed production of all hormones. Decreased metabolic rate. Delayed insulin response

A

endocrine

58
Q

Decreased secretion of saliva and other digestive enzymes. Slowed peristalsis. Slowed liver and pancreatic functions. Reduced absorption of nutrients.

A

Gastrointestional

59
Q

Decreased hormone production; atrophy of ovaries, uterus, and vagina; benign prostatic hypertrophy. Slowed sexual responses

A

reproductive

Nursing (80 decks)

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