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Nursing > Fundamentals chapters 2 + 5 > Flashcards

Fundamentals chapters 2 + 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathologic process that causes illness

A

Disease

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2
Q

The word ___ comes from a word that means wholeness

A

Health

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3
Q

When do you do a brief assessment?

A

within the first hour of every shift

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4
Q

A relative state in which one is able to function well physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually in order to express the full range of one’s unique potentialities within the environment in which one is living

A

Health

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5
Q

Disease of body or mind

A

illness

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6
Q

Chronic illness

A

persisting for a long time; can be controlled but not cured (hypertension)

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7
Q

What is subjective data?

A

Subjective data is perceived only by the individual. Only the person can tell you if she feels ill

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8
Q

Acute illness

A

Is one that develops suddenly and resolves in a short time

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9
Q

Terminal illness

A

no cure available

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10
Q

Primary illness

A

develops without being caused by another health problem

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11
Q

Secondary illness

A

results from or is caused by a primary illness

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12
Q

Inherited means ___

A

genetic

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13
Q

Congenital means ___

A

present at birth

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14
Q

Idiopathic illness

A

is one for which there is no known cause

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15
Q

etiology means ___

A

cause

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16
Q

wellness means ___

A

physical and mental well being

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17
Q

Transition stage

A

During this period, one may deny feeling ill but recognize that symptoms of an illness are present

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18
Q

Acceptance stage

A

denial of illness stops and a “sick” role is assumed

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19
Q

Convalescence stage

A

recovering after the illness and regaining health

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20
Q

Adaptation means ___

A

adjustment in structure or habits

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21
Q

Maladaptation means ___

A

lack of adjustment

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22
Q

Self-actualized means ___

A

reaching one’s full potential

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23
Q

___ ___ thinks of health as being a relatively passive state, one that a person enjoys because of hereditary and environmental factors that are essentially beyond her control. High level wellness, on the contrary, is described a dynamic and active movement toward fulfillment of one’s potential

A

Halbert Dunn

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24
Q

Coping means ___

A

adjusting to or accepting challenges

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25
Q

___ can be defined as any action undertaken to promote health, prevent disease, or detect disease in an early asymptomatic way

A

Health behavior

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26
Q

Asymptomatic means ___

A

without symptoms

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27
Q

___ is any activity a person takes to determine her actual state of health and to seek a suitable remedy for a health problem

A

illness behavior

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28
Q

Knowledge and skill making health care decisions is ___

A

health literacy

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29
Q

___ is one that considers the person’s biologic, psychological, sociological, and spiritual aspects and needs

A

Holistic approach

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30
Q

Stress means ___

A

biologic reactions to an adverse stimulus

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31
Q

___ is defined as the arrangement of objects, elements, or values in order for their importance

A

Hierarchy

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32
Q

Oxygenation, Nutrition, Elimination, Safety, Rest and Comfort, Hygiene, Activity, Sexual procreation are examples of ___

A

Physiologic needs

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33
Q

Physiologic needs are ___ (8)

A

Oxygenation, Nutrition, Elimination, Safety, Rest and Comfort, Hygiene, Activity, Sexual procreation

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34
Q

Psychological comfort, Assistance in meeting needs, Comfortable environment are examples of ___

A

Safety and Security

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35
Q

Safety and Security examples are ___ (3)

A

Psychological comfort, Assistance in meeting needs, Comfortable environment

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36
Q

Loving, affection, intimacy, sexual expression are examples of ___

A

Love

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37
Q

Love examples are ___

A

Loving, affection, intimacy, sexual expression

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38
Q

Independence, competence, exploration, roles, motivation, learning, leisure, spiritual beliefs are examples of ___

A

Self-esteem

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39
Q

Self-esteem examples are ___ (8)

A

Independence, competence, exploration, roles, motivation, learning, leisure, spiritual beliefs

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40
Q

Self knowledge and acceptance, achievement, openness, flexibility, universal knowledge, aesthetics are examples of ___

A

Self actualization

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41
Q

Self actualization examples are ___ (6)

A

Self knowledge and acceptance, achievement, openness, flexibility, universal knowledge, aesthetics

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42
Q 
Maslow's hierarchy pyramid from top to bottom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Self-actualization
  2. Self-esteem
  3. Love and belonging
  4. safety and security
  5. Physiologic
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43
Q

The greater degree of connectedness, of feeling that one understands and is understood by another is known as ___

A

Intimacy

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44
Q

Self actualization means ___

A

reaching ones full potentional

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45
Q

A tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal environment by continually adjusting to changes necessary for survival is ___

A

homeostasis

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46
Q

To enjoy some degree of health and sense of well-being, one must adapt to factors in the ___

A

external environment

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47
Q

Living in harmony with the external environmental factors requires both ____

A

adaptability and stability

48
Q

__ is adverse stimulus

A

stressor

49
Q

___ disturbs the organism’s homeostasis and causes the body to attempt to adapt

A

stress

50
Q

___ is not subject to voluntary control

A

autonomic

51
Q

What does GAS stand for?

A

general adaptation syndrome

52
Q

___ occurs in response to long-term exposure to stress. The stages are the alarm stage, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.

A

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

53
Q

What are the stages of General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

Alarm stage, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.

54
Q

The local response is called the ___

A

Local adaptation syndrome (LAS)

55
Q

___ means adjusting to or solving challenges

A

coping

56
Q

___ are strategies that protect us from increasing anxiety

A

Defense mechanisms

57
Q

The unconscious blocking of a wish or desire from conscious awareness is ____

A

repression

58
Q

Escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts by refusing to acknowledge their existence. There is a persistent refusal to be swayed by evidence is ___

A

denial

59
Q

Attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to someone else (blaming or scapegoating) is ___

A

projection

60
Q

An intense feeling regarding an object, person, or feeling is out of awareness and is unknowingly acted out consciously in an opposite manner

A

Reaction-formation

61
Q

Returning to an earlier level of adaptation when severely threatened

A

Regression

62
Q

Unconsciously falsifying an experience by giving a contrived, socially acceptable, and logical explanation to justify an unpleasant experience or questionable behavior

A

Rationalization

63
Q

Modeling behavior after someone else

A

Identification

64
Q

Discharging intense feelings for one person onto another object or person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute object

A

displacement

65
Q

rechanneling an impulse into a more socially desirable object

A

sublimation

66
Q

Name the defense mechanisms (9)

A

Repression, Denial, Projection, Reaction-formation, Regression, Rationalization, Identification, Displacement, Sublimation

67
Q

When the brain perceives a situation as threatening, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the physiologic functions needed for ___

A

fight or flight

68
Q

___ avoids or delays occurrence of a specific disease or disorder

A

Primary prevention

69
Q

___ consists of following guidelines for screening for diseases that are easily treated if found early or for detecting return of a disease

A

Secondary Prevention

70
Q

___ consists of rehabilitation measures after the disease or disorder has stabilized

A

Tertiary prevention

71
Q

___ consists of fathering information about patients and their needs using a variety of methods

A

assessment

72
Q

___ are pieces of information on a specific topic

A

data

73
Q

___ is all of the information gathered about a patient

A

database

74
Q

___ is concerned with one very specific problem

A

focused assessment

75
Q

___ is a conversation in which facts are obtained

A

interview

76
Q

Data obtained from the patient verbally that only the patient can describe or verify are called ___

A

subjective data

77
Q

Information obtained through the sense and hands on physical examination is ___

A

objective data

78
Q

Assessment is an ____

A

ongoing process

79
Q

___ is a data collection tool that assists in obtaining the information needed to interview the patient intelligently or to prepare adequately for the day’s patient assignment

A

medical records (chart)

80
Q

MAR stands for ___

A

medication administration record

81
Q

eMAR stands for ___

A

electronic medication administration

82
Q

Hemiparesis is ___

A

left sided weakness

83
Q

___ is looking

A

inspection

84
Q

___ is listening, usually with a stethoscope

A

auscultation

85
Q

___ is using hands and the sense of touch

A

palpation

86
Q

___ is tapping with fingertips to produce vibration and sound

A

percussion

87
Q

A ___ should be carried out in a systematic manner

A

assessment

88
Q

___ focus on the body systems in which there is a problem or potential problem

A

Ongoing nursing data collection and examination

89
Q

For Medicare patients, reassessment by an RN is necessary every ___

A

90 days

90
Q

ADL means ___

A

activities of daily living

91
Q

___ are pieces of data or information that influence decisions

A

cues

92
Q

___ are conclusions made based on observed data

A

Inferences

93
Q

The ___ is never included in the construction of the nursing diagnosis

A

medical diagnosis

94
Q

___ are the causes of the problem

A

Etiologic factors

95
Q

___ are those characteristics (signs and symptoms) that must be present for a particular nursing diagnosis to be appropriate for that patient

A

Defining characteristics

96
Q

___ are abnormalities that can be verified by repeat examination and are objective data

A

Signs

97
Q

___ are factors the patient has said are occurring that cannot be verified by examination and are subjective data

A

Symptoms

98
Q

___ defines the patient’s response to illness

A

The nursing diagnosis

99
Q

___ labels the illness

A

The medical diagnosis

100
Q

Once the nursing diagnoses have been formulated, they are ranked according to their ___

A

importance

101
Q

___ always comes first

A

airway

102
Q

___ is used to make astute judgements regarding priorities

A

critical thinking

103
Q

___ are achievable within 7 to 10 days or before discharge

A

short term goals

104
Q

___ take many weeks or months to achieve

A

long term goals

105
Q

___ is a specific statement regarding the goal the patient is expected to achieve because of nursing intervention

A

expected outcome

106
Q

___ contains measurable criteria that can be evaluated to see whether the outcome has been achieved

A

expected outcome

107
Q

Once every ___ the care plan is reviewed and updated

A

every 24 hours

108
Q

the ___ should be constructed right after the admission database is collected

A

the nursing care plan

109
Q

social interaction, human caring, communication, family community are examples of ___

A

belonging

110
Q

belonging examples are ___

A

social interaction, human caring, communication, family community

111
Q

Nursing plans consist of ___

A

individual issues, family concerns, short and long term goals, expected outcomes

112
Q

___ typically involves three parts, indicating the patients problem or potential problem; the cause or related factors, which can include the pathophysiology; and specific defining characteristics or the signs and symptoms

A

nursing diagnosis

113
Q

What do you do when performing admission interviews on older adults?

A

allow more time because the person will probably have a more extensive history and may take longer to recall the needed information

114
Q

During the ___ stage the hormone release mobilizes the body’s defenses

A

alarm stage

115
Q

During the ___ stage the body is battling for equilibrium

A

stage of resistance

116
Q

___ occurs if the stressor is severe or present over a long enough time to deplete the body’s resources for adaptation

A

stage of exhaustion

Nursing (80 decks)

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