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Nursing > AP CH 10 > Flashcards

AP CH 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

smooth muscle at the anterior of the vascular layer of the eye that suspends the lens and functions in the accommodation of focus for near vision

A

ciliary muscle

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2
Q

broad, flattened bumps arranged in inverted V pattern at the back of the tongue

A

circumvallate papilla

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3
Q

part of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) attached to the cochlea; sensory nerve responsible for hearing

A

cochlear nerve

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4
Q

receptor cell located in the retina that is stimulated by bright light; different types detect different colors of light

A

Cone

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5
Q

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of the sclera (white portion)

A

conjunctiva

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6
Q

transparent anterior portion of the fibrous layer of the eye

A

cornea

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7
Q

a sensory structure located within the semicircular canals that detects head movements

A

crista ampullaris

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8
Q

the small cup-shaped, flaplike structure at the base of each semicircular canal of the ear that bends during movement of the head to facilitate the sense of dynamic equilibrium

A

cupula

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9
Q

sense of speed and direction of body movement

A

dynamic equilibrium

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10
Q

the tympanic membrane that separates the external ear and middle ear

A

eardrum

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11
Q

thick, clear fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear

A

endolymph

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12
Q

a curved tube (approximately 2.5 cm) extending from the auricle into the temporal bone and ending at the tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic canal

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13
Q

small depression in the macula lutea, where cones are most densely packed; vision is sharpest where light rays focus on it

A

fovea centralis

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14
Q

type of sensory neuron in the retina of the eye that collects information from rods and cones and also acts as a photoreceptor itself

A

ganglion cell

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15
Q

sense detected by simple microscopic receptors widely distributed throughout the body (skin, muscles, tendons, joints, etc) involving modes of pain, temperature, touch, pressure, or body position

A

general senses

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16
Q

disorder characterized by the elevated pressure in the eye

A

glaucoma

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17
Q

the process of tasting

A

gustation

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18
Q

cells of taste; chemoreceptors

A

gustatory cell

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19
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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20
Q

colored portion of the eye

A

iris

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21
Q

the gland that produces tears, located in the upper lateral portion of the orbit

A

lacrimal gland

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22
Q

the refracting mechanism of the eye located directly behind the pupil

A

lens

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23
Q

A membranous sac that follows the shape of the bony labyrinth and is filled with endolymph

A

membranous labyrinth

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24
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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25
Q

the area in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit and there are no rods or cones; also known as a blind spot

A

optic disk

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26
Q

the organ of hearing located in the cochlea with ciliated sensory receptor cells; also called spiral organ

A

organ of corti

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27
Q

little bone

A

ossicle

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28
Q

a middle ear infection

A

otitis media

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29
Q

(know) a pain receptor is also called nociceptor

A

…

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30
Q

a watery fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the ear

A

perilymph

31
Q

any of the chemicals in retinal cells that are sensitive to light

A

photopigment

32
Q

type of sensory nerve cell stimulated by light; for example, rods and cones of the retina

A

photoreceptor

33
Q

progressive hearing loss as a result of nerve impairment

A

presbycusis

34
Q

Most of us become more farsighted as we grow older (40yr) and lose the ability to focus on close objects because our lenses lose at least some of their elasticity and can no longer bulge enough to bring near objects into focus. ___ or “old sightedness” is the name for this condition

A

presbyopia

35
Q

receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position

A

proprioceptor

35
Q

receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position

A

proprioceptor

36
Q

the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye

A

pupil

37
Q

pain that originates in a different location in the body from where it is perceived by the brain

A

referred pain

38
Q

innermost layer of the eyeball; contains rods and cones and continues posteriorly with the optic nerve

A

retina

39
Q

receptor located in the retina that is responsible for night vision

A

rod

40
Q

white portion of the outer fibrous coat of the eyeball

A

sclera

41
Q

any of the curved, fluid-filled tubes located in the inner ear; contain a sensory structure called crista ampullaris that generates a nerve impulse on movement of the head

A

semicircular canal

42
Q

sense organ made up of afferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system; enables the body to respond to stimuli caused by changes in its internal or external environment

A

sensory receptor

43
Q

senses detected by receptors in specific locations associated with complex structures and involve modes of smell, taste, vision, hearing, or equilibrium

A

special senses

44
Q

sense of the position of the body relative to gravity

A

static equilibrium

45
Q

sensory receptor activated by heat or cold

A

thermoreceptor

46
Q

(know) the tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum

A

…

47
Q

savory or meaty taste perceived when taste buds detect glutamate (an amino acid)

A

umami

48
Q

the jellylike fluid found in the eye, posterior to the lens

A

vitreous humor

49
Q

sensitive to presence of certain chemicals, as in taste or smell

A

chemoreceptors

50
Q

sensitive to mechanical stimuli that change their position or shape

A

mechanoreceptors

51
Q

located in the skin and mucosa (epithelial layers) and senses Pain, discriminative touch, tickle, and temperature. Free nerve ending.

A

naked nerve ending

52
Q

Located in the skin (dermal layer), subcutaneous tissue, mucosa of lips and eyelids, and external genitals. Senses touch and possibly cold. Encapsulated nerve ending

A

bulboid corpuscle (Krause corpuscle)

53
Q

Located in subcutaneous, submucous, and subserous tissues; around joints; in mammary glands and external genitals of both sexes. Senses pressure and high-frequency vibration. Encapsulated nerve ending

A

lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle)

54
Q

Located in skin (in papillae of dermis), fingertips and lips (numerous). Senses fine touch and low-frequency vibration. Encapsulated nerve ending

A

tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle)

55
Q

located in skin (dermal layer) and subcutaneous tissue of fingers. Senses touch and pressure. Encapsulated nerve ending

A

bulbous corpuscle (ruffini corpuscle)

56
Q

located near junction of tendons and muscles and senses proprioception (sense of muscle tension). Encapsulated nerve endings

A

tendon organ (golgi tendon organ)

57
Q

located in skeletal muscles and senses proprioception (sense of muscle length). Encapsulated nerve ending

A

muscle spindle

58
Q

touch receptors over the fingertips are __ to __ mm apart

A

2 to 8

59
Q

touch receptors are distributed __ to ___ mm over the palms

A

8 to 12

60
Q

Touch receptors are distributed __ to __ mm over the back of the torso

A

40 to 60

61
Q

(know) An eye injury is a medical emergency. You will be moved up the ladder for first priority about the same level as a heart attack. Very serious.

A

…

62
Q

The eyeball has 3 wall layers :

A 
#1 fibrous layer
#2 vascular layer
#3 inner layer
63
Q

The fibrous layer contains (2)

A 
#1 sclera
#2 cornea
64
Q

the vascular layer contains (4)

A 
#1 choroid
#2 ciliary muscle
#3 iris
#4 lens
65
Q

the inner layer contains (3)

A 
#1 retina
#2 optic nerve
#3 retinal blood vessels
66
Q

Inflammation of the cornea is called

A

keratitis

67
Q

Long time exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight may cause the lens to become hard, lose its transparency, and become “milky”. This condition is called a ___. May occur in one or both eye. Once it begins, its formation tends to be progressive and may result in blindness

A

cataract

68
Q

within the vestibule are two structures, each made up of a patch of sensory hairs coated with a thick glob of heavy gel. Each of these structures is called a ___

A

macula

69
Q

What are the specific receptors for the eye? and what type of receptor is it?

A

rods and cones ; photoreceptor

70
Q

what specific receptors are in the ear and what type of receptor is it

A

spiral organ, cristae ampullaris, maculae ; mechanoreceptor

71
Q

What specific receptors are in the nose and what type of receptor

A

olfactory ; chemoreceptor

72
Q

what specific receptors are in the taste buds and what type of receptor

A

gustatory cells ; chemoreceptor

Nursing (80 decks)

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