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AP CH 10 Flashcards

1
Q

smooth muscle at the anterior of the vascular layer of the eye that suspends the lens and functions in the accommodation of focus for near vision

A

ciliary muscle

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2
Q

broad, flattened bumps arranged in inverted V pattern at the back of the tongue

A

circumvallate papilla

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3
Q

part of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) attached to the cochlea; sensory nerve responsible for hearing

A

cochlear nerve

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4
Q

receptor cell located in the retina that is stimulated by bright light; different types detect different colors of light

A

Cone

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5
Q

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of the sclera (white portion)

A

conjunctiva

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6
Q

transparent anterior portion of the fibrous layer of the eye

A

cornea

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7
Q

a sensory structure located within the semicircular canals that detects head movements

A

crista ampullaris

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8
Q

the small cup-shaped, flaplike structure at the base of each semicircular canal of the ear that bends during movement of the head to facilitate the sense of dynamic equilibrium

A

cupula

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9
Q

sense of speed and direction of body movement

A

dynamic equilibrium

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10
Q

the tympanic membrane that separates the external ear and middle ear

A

eardrum

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11
Q

thick, clear fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear

A

endolymph

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12
Q

a curved tube (approximately 2.5 cm) extending from the auricle into the temporal bone and ending at the tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic canal

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13
Q

small depression in the macula lutea, where cones are most densely packed; vision is sharpest where light rays focus on it

A

fovea centralis

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14
Q

type of sensory neuron in the retina of the eye that collects information from rods and cones and also acts as a photoreceptor itself

A

ganglion cell

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15
Q

sense detected by simple microscopic receptors widely distributed throughout the body (skin, muscles, tendons, joints, etc) involving modes of pain, temperature, touch, pressure, or body position

A

general senses

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16
Q

disorder characterized by the elevated pressure in the eye

A

glaucoma

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17
Q

the process of tasting

A

gustation

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18
Q

cells of taste; chemoreceptors

A

gustatory cell

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19
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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20
Q

colored portion of the eye

A

iris

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21
Q

the gland that produces tears, located in the upper lateral portion of the orbit

A

lacrimal gland

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22
Q

the refracting mechanism of the eye located directly behind the pupil

A

lens

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23
Q

A membranous sac that follows the shape of the bony labyrinth and is filled with endolymph

A

membranous labyrinth

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24
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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25
the area in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit and there are no rods or cones; also known as a blind spot
optic disk
26
the organ of hearing located in the cochlea with ciliated sensory receptor cells; also called spiral organ
organ of corti
27
little bone
ossicle
28
a middle ear infection
otitis media
29
(know) a pain receptor is also called nociceptor
...
30
a watery fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the ear
perilymph
31
any of the chemicals in retinal cells that are sensitive to light
photopigment
32
type of sensory nerve cell stimulated by light; for example, rods and cones of the retina
photoreceptor
33
progressive hearing loss as a result of nerve impairment
presbycusis
34
Most of us become more farsighted as we grow older (40yr) and lose the ability to focus on close objects because our lenses lose at least some of their elasticity and can no longer bulge enough to bring near objects into focus. ___ or "old sightedness" is the name for this condition
presbyopia
35
receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position
proprioceptor
35
receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position
proprioceptor
36
the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye
pupil
37
pain that originates in a different location in the body from where it is perceived by the brain
referred pain
38
innermost layer of the eyeball; contains rods and cones and continues posteriorly with the optic nerve
retina
39
receptor located in the retina that is responsible for night vision
rod
40
white portion of the outer fibrous coat of the eyeball
sclera
41
any of the curved, fluid-filled tubes located in the inner ear; contain a sensory structure called crista ampullaris that generates a nerve impulse on movement of the head
semicircular canal
42
sense organ made up of afferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system; enables the body to respond to stimuli caused by changes in its internal or external environment
sensory receptor
43
senses detected by receptors in specific locations associated with complex structures and involve modes of smell, taste, vision, hearing, or equilibrium
special senses
44
sense of the position of the body relative to gravity
static equilibrium
45
sensory receptor activated by heat or cold
thermoreceptor
46
(know) the tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum
...
47
savory or meaty taste perceived when taste buds detect glutamate (an amino acid)
umami
48
the jellylike fluid found in the eye, posterior to the lens
vitreous humor
49
sensitive to presence of certain chemicals, as in taste or smell
chemoreceptors
50
sensitive to mechanical stimuli that change their position or shape
mechanoreceptors
51
located in the skin and mucosa (epithelial layers) and senses Pain, discriminative touch, tickle, and temperature. Free nerve ending.
naked nerve ending
52
Located in the skin (dermal layer), subcutaneous tissue, mucosa of lips and eyelids, and external genitals. Senses touch and possibly cold. Encapsulated nerve ending
bulboid corpuscle (Krause corpuscle)
53
Located in subcutaneous, submucous, and subserous tissues; around joints; in mammary glands and external genitals of both sexes. Senses pressure and high-frequency vibration. Encapsulated nerve ending
lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle)
54
Located in skin (in papillae of dermis), fingertips and lips (numerous). Senses fine touch and low-frequency vibration. Encapsulated nerve ending
tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle)
55
located in skin (dermal layer) and subcutaneous tissue of fingers. Senses touch and pressure. Encapsulated nerve ending
bulbous corpuscle (ruffini corpuscle)
56
located near junction of tendons and muscles and senses proprioception (sense of muscle tension). Encapsulated nerve endings
tendon organ (golgi tendon organ)
57
located in skeletal muscles and senses proprioception (sense of muscle length). Encapsulated nerve ending
muscle spindle
58
touch receptors over the fingertips are __ to __ mm apart
2 to 8
59
touch receptors are distributed __ to ___ mm over the palms
8 to 12
60
Touch receptors are distributed __ to __ mm over the back of the torso
40 to 60
61
(know) An eye injury is a medical emergency. You will be moved up the ladder for first priority about the same level as a heart attack. Very serious.
...
62
The eyeball has 3 wall layers :
``` #1 fibrous layer #2 vascular layer #3 inner layer ```
63
The fibrous layer contains (2)
``` #1 sclera #2 cornea ```
64
the vascular layer contains (4)
``` #1 choroid #2 ciliary muscle #3 iris #4 lens ```
65
the inner layer contains (3)
``` #1 retina #2 optic nerve #3 retinal blood vessels ```
66
Inflammation of the cornea is called
keratitis
67
Long time exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight may cause the lens to become hard, lose its transparency, and become "milky". This condition is called a ___. May occur in one or both eye. Once it begins, its formation tends to be progressive and may result in blindness
cataract
68
within the vestibule are two structures, each made up of a patch of sensory hairs coated with a thick glob of heavy gel. Each of these structures is called a ___
macula
69
What are the specific receptors for the eye? and what type of receptor is it?
rods and cones ; photoreceptor
70
what specific receptors are in the ear and what type of receptor is it
spiral organ, cristae ampullaris, maculae ; mechanoreceptor
71
What specific receptors are in the nose and what type of receptor
olfactory ; chemoreceptor
72
what specific receptors are in the taste buds and what type of receptor
gustatory cells ; chemoreceptor

Nursing (80 decks)

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