AP CH 10 Flashcards
smooth muscle at the anterior of the vascular layer of the eye that suspends the lens and functions in the accommodation of focus for near vision
ciliary muscle
broad, flattened bumps arranged in inverted V pattern at the back of the tongue
circumvallate papilla
part of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) attached to the cochlea; sensory nerve responsible for hearing
cochlear nerve
receptor cell located in the retina that is stimulated by bright light; different types detect different colors of light
Cone
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of the sclera (white portion)
conjunctiva
transparent anterior portion of the fibrous layer of the eye
cornea
a sensory structure located within the semicircular canals that detects head movements
crista ampullaris
the small cup-shaped, flaplike structure at the base of each semicircular canal of the ear that bends during movement of the head to facilitate the sense of dynamic equilibrium
cupula
sense of speed and direction of body movement
dynamic equilibrium
the tympanic membrane that separates the external ear and middle ear
eardrum
thick, clear fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
endolymph
a curved tube (approximately 2.5 cm) extending from the auricle into the temporal bone and ending at the tympanic membrane
external acoustic canal
small depression in the macula lutea, where cones are most densely packed; vision is sharpest where light rays focus on it
fovea centralis
type of sensory neuron in the retina of the eye that collects information from rods and cones and also acts as a photoreceptor itself
ganglion cell
sense detected by simple microscopic receptors widely distributed throughout the body (skin, muscles, tendons, joints, etc) involving modes of pain, temperature, touch, pressure, or body position
general senses
disorder characterized by the elevated pressure in the eye
glaucoma
the process of tasting
gustation
cells of taste; chemoreceptors
gustatory cell
farsightedness
hyperopia
colored portion of the eye
iris
the gland that produces tears, located in the upper lateral portion of the orbit
lacrimal gland
the refracting mechanism of the eye located directly behind the pupil
lens
A membranous sac that follows the shape of the bony labyrinth and is filled with endolymph
membranous labyrinth
nearsightedness
myopia
the area in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit and there are no rods or cones; also known as a blind spot
optic disk
the organ of hearing located in the cochlea with ciliated sensory receptor cells; also called spiral organ
organ of corti
little bone
ossicle
a middle ear infection
otitis media
(know) a pain receptor is also called nociceptor
…
a watery fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the ear
perilymph
any of the chemicals in retinal cells that are sensitive to light
photopigment
type of sensory nerve cell stimulated by light; for example, rods and cones of the retina
photoreceptor
progressive hearing loss as a result of nerve impairment
presbycusis
Most of us become more farsighted as we grow older (40yr) and lose the ability to focus on close objects because our lenses lose at least some of their elasticity and can no longer bulge enough to bring near objects into focus. ___ or “old sightedness” is the name for this condition
presbyopia
receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position
proprioceptor
receptor located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position
proprioceptor
the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye
pupil
pain that originates in a different location in the body from where it is perceived by the brain
referred pain
innermost layer of the eyeball; contains rods and cones and continues posteriorly with the optic nerve
retina
receptor located in the retina that is responsible for night vision
rod
white portion of the outer fibrous coat of the eyeball
sclera
any of the curved, fluid-filled tubes located in the inner ear; contain a sensory structure called crista ampullaris that generates a nerve impulse on movement of the head
semicircular canal
sense organ made up of afferent neurons in the peripheral nervous system; enables the body to respond to stimuli caused by changes in its internal or external environment
sensory receptor
senses detected by receptors in specific locations associated with complex structures and involve modes of smell, taste, vision, hearing, or equilibrium
special senses
sense of the position of the body relative to gravity
static equilibrium
sensory receptor activated by heat or cold
thermoreceptor
(know) the tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum
…
savory or meaty taste perceived when taste buds detect glutamate (an amino acid)
umami
the jellylike fluid found in the eye, posterior to the lens
vitreous humor
sensitive to presence of certain chemicals, as in taste or smell
chemoreceptors
sensitive to mechanical stimuli that change their position or shape
mechanoreceptors
located in the skin and mucosa (epithelial layers) and senses Pain, discriminative touch, tickle, and temperature. Free nerve ending.
naked nerve ending
Located in the skin (dermal layer), subcutaneous tissue, mucosa of lips and eyelids, and external genitals. Senses touch and possibly cold. Encapsulated nerve ending
bulboid corpuscle (Krause corpuscle)
Located in subcutaneous, submucous, and subserous tissues; around joints; in mammary glands and external genitals of both sexes. Senses pressure and high-frequency vibration. Encapsulated nerve ending
lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle)
Located in skin (in papillae of dermis), fingertips and lips (numerous). Senses fine touch and low-frequency vibration. Encapsulated nerve ending
tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle)
located in skin (dermal layer) and subcutaneous tissue of fingers. Senses touch and pressure. Encapsulated nerve ending
bulbous corpuscle (ruffini corpuscle)
located near junction of tendons and muscles and senses proprioception (sense of muscle tension). Encapsulated nerve endings
tendon organ (golgi tendon organ)
located in skeletal muscles and senses proprioception (sense of muscle length). Encapsulated nerve ending
muscle spindle
touch receptors over the fingertips are __ to __ mm apart
2 to 8
touch receptors are distributed __ to ___ mm over the palms
8 to 12
Touch receptors are distributed __ to __ mm over the back of the torso
40 to 60
(know) An eye injury is a medical emergency. You will be moved up the ladder for first priority about the same level as a heart attack. Very serious.
…
The eyeball has 3 wall layers :
#1 fibrous layer #2 vascular layer #3 inner layer
The fibrous layer contains (2)
#1 sclera #2 cornea
the vascular layer contains (4)
#1 choroid #2 ciliary muscle #3 iris #4 lens
the inner layer contains (3)
#1 retina #2 optic nerve #3 retinal blood vessels
Inflammation of the cornea is called
keratitis
Long time exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight may cause the lens to become hard, lose its transparency, and become “milky”. This condition is called a ___. May occur in one or both eye. Once it begins, its formation tends to be progressive and may result in blindness
cataract
within the vestibule are two structures, each made up of a patch of sensory hairs coated with a thick glob of heavy gel. Each of these structures is called a ___
macula
What are the specific receptors for the eye? and what type of receptor is it?
rods and cones ; photoreceptor
what specific receptors are in the ear and what type of receptor is it
spiral organ, cristae ampullaris, maculae ; mechanoreceptor
What specific receptors are in the nose and what type of receptor
olfactory ; chemoreceptor
what specific receptors are in the taste buds and what type of receptor
gustatory cells ; chemoreceptor
