AP Ch 7 2.0 Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system
#1 support #2 protection #3 movement #4 storage #5 hematopoiesis
What are the 4 types of bone?
long, short, flat, irregular
the bones of the head, neck, and torso
axial skeleton
type of synovial joint in which the spherical end of one bone fits into a cuplike socket of another bone or structure. Shoulder joint and hip joint
ball-and-socket joint
small, cushion-like sac found alongside joints, cushioning moving bones
bursa
a hormone secreted by the thyroid that decreases calcium in the blood
calcitonin (CT)
an extremely narrow tubular passage or channel in compact bone
canaliculus
porous bone tissue found inside bone organs; also called trabecular bone
cancellous bone
any tube-like passage at the center of a structure, such as the canal running through the center of the spinal cord or through the center of each osteon in compact bone
central canal
the process of moving the distal end of a body part in a circular path
circumduction
ring of calcified matrix surrounding the Haversian canal
concentric lamella
ellipsoidal joint in which an oval process fits into an oval socket
condyloid joint
shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
freely moveable joint
diarthrosis
region of cancellous (spongy) bone within the wall of a flat bone of the cranium
diploe
the process in which most bones are formed from cartilage models
endochondral ossification
a fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
the cartilage plate between the epiphysis and the diaphysis that allows growth to occur; sometimes referred to as a growth plate
epiphyseal plate
end of a long bone
epiphysis
increasing the angle between two bones at a joint
extension
increasing the angle between two bones at a joint
extension
act of bending; decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint
flexion
the soft spot on an infant’s head, from which new bone develops; unossified areas in the infant skull
fontanel
the least movable diarthroses joint. AN example is an articular process between vertebrae
gliding joint
blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
type of diarthroses synovial joint that allows movement around a single axis. Example is elbow joint.
hinge joint
process by which most flat bones are formed within connective tissue membranes
intramembranous ossification
holds two bones together
joint capsule
space or cavity
lacuna
hollow area inside the diaphysis of the bone that contains yellow bone marrow
medullary cavity
___ joins bone to bone
ligament
upper jaw bone
maxilla
articular cartilage disk
meniscus
a tiny and very thin epithelium lined cavity in the temporal bone that houses the ossicles
middle ear
the large bony process of the ulna; commonly referred to as the top of the elbow
olecranon
a large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus
olecranon fossa
bone forming cell
osteoblast
bone-dissolving cell
osteoclast
inactive bone cell
osteocyte
increases the concentration of calcium in the blood
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
tough connective tissue covering the bone
periosteum
type of diarthroses synovial joint in which a projection from one bone articulates with a ring or notch in another bone, allowing rotational movement
pivot joint
bone marrow found in the ends of long bones and in flat bones; functions in the production of blood cells
red bone marrow
movement around a longitudinal axis
rotation
type of diarthrotic joint allowing movement in two different axis. Example, joint of thumb
saddle joint
central keystone bone of the floor of the cranium; resembles a bat
sphenoid bone
immovable joint
suture
A joint in which fibrous connective tissue joins bones and holds them together tightly; commonly called suture
synarthrosis
connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid
synovial membrane
tiny branchlike threads in a tissue, such as the beams of spongy bone, that surround a network of spaces
trabecula
communicating canal between central (haversian) canals that contains vessels to carry blood to the osteons; also carries nerves and lymphatic vessels; also called the volkmann canal
transverse canal
lipid-filled tissue found inside the medullary cavity of a long
yellow bone marrow
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