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Nursing > AP 11 > Flashcards

AP 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

(know) Endocrine glands are ductless glands. They secrete hormones into intercellular spaces. From there, the hormones diffuse directly into the blood and are carried throughout the body. Each hormone molecule may then bind to a cell that has specific receptors for that hormone, triggering a reaction in the cell. Such a cell is called a target cell

A

…

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2
Q

(know) endocrine = in blood. Exocrine = outside of the blood

A

…

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3
Q

production of too much hormone by a diseased gland is called ___

A

hypersecretion

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4
Q

if too little hormone is produced, the condition is called ___

A

hyposecretion

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5
Q

(know) because they are lipid-soluble, steroid hormones can pass intact directly through the plasma membrane of the target cell and DOES NOT need a second messenger

A

…

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6
Q

(know) nonsteriod hormones need a second messenger

A

…

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7
Q

tropic hormone. stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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8
Q

tropic hormone. stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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9
Q

tropic hormone. Female: stimulates development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens. Male: stimulates seminiferous tubules of testes to grow and produce sperm

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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10
Q

tropic hormone. Female: stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and ovum, stimulates secretion of estrogen, triggers ovulation, stimulates development of corpus luteum (luteinization). Male: stimulates interstitial cells of the tests to secrete testosterone

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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11
Q

stimulates growth in all organs; mobilizes nutrient molecules, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration

A

growth hormone (GH)

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12
Q

stimulates breast development during pregnancy and milk secretion (milk let down) after pregnancy

A

prolactin (PRL) (lactogenic hormone)

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13
Q

stimulates retention of water by the kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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14
Q

stimulates uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy. stimulates the release of milk into the breast ducts

A

oxytocin (OT)

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15
Q

stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones

A

releasing hormones (RHs) (several)

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16
Q

inhibit the anterior pituitary’s secretion of hormones

A

inhibiting hormones (IHs) (several)

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17
Q

stimulate the energy metabolism of all cells

A

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

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18
Q

inhibits the breakdown of bone; causes a decrease in blood calcium concentration

A

calcitonin (CT)

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19
Q

stimulates the breakdown of bone; causes an increase in blood calcium concentration

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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20
Q

regulate electrolyte and fluid homeostasis

A

mineralocorticoids (MCs): aldosterone

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21
Q

stimulate gluconeogenesis, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration; also have anti-inflammatory, anti-immunity, and antiallergy effects

A

glucocorticoids (GCs) : cortisol (cortisone)

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22
Q

may stimulate sexual drive in the female but have negligible effects in the male

A

androgens

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23
Q

prolong and intensify the sympathetic nervous response during stress

A

epinephrine (Epi) (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (NR)

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24
Q

stimulates liver glycogenolysis, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration

A

glucagon

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25
Q

promotes glucose entry into all cells, causing a decrease in blood glucose concentration

A

insulin

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26
Q

promote development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics

A

estrogens

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27
Q

promotes conditions required for pregnancy

A

progesterone

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28
Q

promotes development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics

A

testosterone

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29
Q

promote development of immune system cells

A

thymosins

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30
Q

promote conditions required during early pregnancy

A

chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, progesterone

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31
Q

inhibits tropic hormones that affect the ovaries; helps regulate the body’s internal clock and sleep cycles

A

melatonin

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32
Q

regulates fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

A

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

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33
Q

affects energy balance (metabolism)

A

ghrelin

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34
Q

controls how hungry or full we feel

A

leptin

35
Q

___, or tissue hormones, play an important role in communication and in the control of many body functions but do not meet the definition of a typical hormone. Lets you feel pain. They influence respiration, blood pressure, gastrointestinal secretions, inflammation, and the reproductive system

A

prostaglandins (PGs)

36
Q

means “secrete beside”

A

paracrine

37
Q

___ is the technical term for anterior pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis

38
Q

___ is the technical term for posterior pituitary gland

A

neurohypophysis

39
Q

means “gland”

A

adeno

40
Q

means “nervous”

A

neuro

41
Q

alpha cells secrete a hormone called ___

A

glucagon

42
Q

beta cells secrete ___

A

insulin

43
Q

the ___ consists of TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, PRL

A

anterior pituitary

44
Q

___ consists of RH and IH

A

hypothalamus

45
Q

___ consists of ADH and OT

A

posterior pituitary

46
Q

___ consists of T4, T3, CT

A

thyroid

47
Q

___ consists of PTH

A

parathyroid

48
Q

___ consists of MC, GC, androgens

A

adrenal cortex

49
Q

___ consists of Epi and NR

A

adrenal medulla

50
Q

___ consists of glucagon and insulin

A

pancreatic islets

51
Q

___ consists of estrogens and progesterone

A

ovary

52
Q

___ consists of testosterone

A

testis

53
Q

___ consists of thymosins

A

thymus

54
Q

___ consists of chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, progesterone

A

placenta

55
Q

___ consists of melatonin

A

pineal gland

56
Q

___ consists of ANH

A

heart (atria)

57
Q

___ consists of ghrelin

A

GI tract

58
Q

___ consists of leptin

A

fat-storing cells

59
Q

a hormone secreted by the thyroid that decreases calcium in the blood

A

calcitonin (CT)

60
Q

structure that develops into an important fetal membrane in the placenta

A

chorion

61
Q

any of the several hormones secreted by the developing placenta during pregnancy that have a gonad-stimulating effect

A

chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

62
Q

a hormone-secreting glandular structure transformed after ovulation from a ruptured follicle; it secrets chiefly progesterone and some estrogen

A

corpus luteum

63
Q

category of hormones secreted by any the the three cell layers of the adrenal cortex

A

corticoid

64
Q

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to stimulate the availability of glucose in the blood; in large amounts, cortisol can depress immune functions, as when it is used as a drug treatment

A

cortisol

65
Q

dwarfism with developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland

A

cretinism

66
Q

condition caused by the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

A

cushing syndrome

67
Q

adenosine monophosphate, one of several second messengers that deliver information inside the cell and thus regulate the cell’s activity

A

cyclic AMP (cAMP)

68
Q

condition resulting from the hyposecretion of ADH in which large volumes of urine are formed and, if left untreated, may cause serious health problems

A

diabetes insipidus

69
Q

a condition that occurs when the pancreatic islet cells secrete too little insulin, resulting in increased levels of blood glucose

A

diabetes mellitus

70
Q

adrenaline; secretion of the adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

71
Q

category of hormones that influence nutrient metabolism; secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoid (GC)

72
Q

formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or lipid compounds

A

gluconeogenesis

73
Q

hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate or to glucose

A

glycogenolysis

74
Q

glucose in the urine; a sign of diabetes mellitus

A

glycosuria

75
Q

therapeutic version of the hormone cortisone (cortisol) secreted by the adrenal cortex; also known as compound F

A

hydrocortisone

76
Q

cytokine compound that functions as an inflammation mediator

A

leukotriene

77
Q

the formation of a golden body (corpus luteum) in the ruptured follicle

A

luteinization

78
Q

important hormone produced by the pineal gland that is believed to regulate the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycle; also referred to as the third eye because it responds to levels of light and is thought to be involved with the body’s internal clock

A

melatonin

79
Q

hormone that influences mineral salt metabolism; secreted by adrenal cortex; aldosterone is the chief

A

mineralocorticoid (MC)

80
Q

condition caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults

A

myxedema

81
Q

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland during pregnancy to stimulate the breast development needed for lactation

A

prolactin (PRL)

82
Q

small depression of the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

83
Q

condition in which the thyroid enlarges because iodine is lacking in the diet

A

simple goiter

84
Q

prostaglandin-like substance in platelets that plays a role in hemostasis and blood clotting

A

thromboxane

Nursing (80 decks)

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