BN ch 41

Question 1

Age-related changes in mental processes, such as a decline in short-term memory and cognitive skills

Answer 1

age-associated memory impairment

Question 2

Progressive, degenerative disease of the brain of unknown origin, resulting in the person’s inability to process and integrate new information and retrieve memory

Answer 2

Alzheimer disease (AD)

Question 3

In psychology, a form of treatment used to change behavior by giving positive feedback for desired behavior and negative feedback for undesirable behavior

Answer 3

behavior modification

Question 4

Term used to describe age-related changes in mental processes, including a slight decline in short-term memory and cognitive skills

Answer 4

benign senescent forgetfulness

Question 5

Psychosocial intervention that includes art, music, and humor, and that can allow for self-expression and alleviate anxiety and depression

Answer 5

creative behavioral therapy

Question 6

Acute confusional state that can occur suddenly or over a long period as a result of an underlying biologic cause or psychological stressor

Answer 6

delirium

Question 7

Neurologic condition characterized by the following cognitive defects: impaired memory, disturbed intellectual function, and inability to problem solve

Answer 7

dementia

Question 8

Mental state characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and discouragement, ranging from mild to major symptoms

Answer 8

depression

Question 9

Treatment that consists of electric shock to the brain, for severe depression that fails to respond to medication or psychotherapy

Answer 9

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 10

The appearance of or increase of symptoms of confusion or agitation associated with the late afternoon or early evening hours, usually continuing into the night; also known as sundowning or sundown syndrome

Answer 10

nocturnal delirium

Question 11

Behavior characterized by delusions of persecution and/or delusions of grandeur

Answer 11

paranoia

Question 12

Medications, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and venlafaxine, used to treat depression

Answer 12

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 13

Medications, used for depression, that block reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer 13

serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Question 14

(know) Little is known about nocturnal delirium, which poses a management problem for caregiving, although it is sometimes associated with faster cognitive decline in the patient with Alzheimer disease (AD). Impaired mental status, dehydration, fatigue, low lighting or increased shadows, and disruption in the internal body clock may contribute to sundowning

Answer 14

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Question 15

2 basic types of behavioral management?

Answer 15

psychosocial interventions and medications

Question 16

What is the primary goal of psychosocial interventions?

Answer 16

to produce a feeling of well-being in the confused and disoriented older adult

Question 17

what is the goal of creative therapies

Answer 17

to slow the rate of deterioration and prevent institutionalization as long as possible

Question 18

Also known as antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, are sometimes prescribed to manage the anxiety, agitation, hostility, and paranoia associated with dementia

Answer 18

major tranquilizers

Question 19

may also be used to treat symptoms of agitation and anxiety, although many medications in this category appear on the screening tool of older person’s prescriptions (STOPP) criteria list

Answer 19

minor tranquilizers

Question 20

What does STOPP stand for?

Answer 20

screening tool of older person’s perscriptions

Question 21

(know) most large communities have respite care for those with dementia where the family caregivers can take the patient while they have a short break. For qualified veterans, the department of veterans affairs facilities can provide respite care for up to 30 days each year. Often these are special units attached to a hospital or long-term care facility

Answer 21

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Question 22

What is the 5th leading cause of death in the elderly community

Answer 22

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Question 23

(know) the loss of neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes accounts for the AD patient’s inability to process and integrate new information and retrieve memory

Answer 23

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Question 24

(know) General nursing interventions for AD patients depend on the severity of illness. Early in the disease process, nursing care for a confused patient is necessary. Later in the disease process, nursing care is primarily supportive

Answer 24

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Question 25

(know) identification should be sewn into clothes and placed in a wallet or purse. An identification bracelet that is not easily removed is helpful if the person wanders

Answer 25

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Question 26

(know) the primary nursing responsibility for a depressed patient is to protect him from self-injury, especially after the patient has initiated antidepressant therapy. Before that time, he may have not had the energy to commit suicide

Answer 26

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Question 27

(know) you must ask the depressed patient directly if they have any plans of committing suicide and it must be reported. You cannot leave their side if they tell you they have been having suicidal thoughts or intentions of killing themselves.

Answer 27

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Question 28

the intentional infliction of physical or emotional discomfort or the deprivation of basic nursing necessities for comfort or survival

Answer 28

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Question 29

(know) In the case of abuse, you must establish a confidential, trusting relationship

Answer 29

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Question 30

(know) the standard for reporting abuse is usually a reasonable belief that an individual has been or is likely to be abused, neglected, or exploited

Answer 30

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Question 31

(know) Keep patient safe. Keep yourself and other patients safe. Do not let the aggressor block the door, you need to be closer to the exit. Always remain calm and do not match their voice.

Answer 31

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Question 32

(know) develop trust with paranoid patient. Never put any medication in a drink or food without the patient’s knowledge to maintain trust

Answer 32

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Question 33

(SG) How do older adults learn?

Answer 33

older adults are just as capable of learning new things as younger people, but their speed of processing information is slower

Question 34

(SG) What are some creative behavioral therapies

Answer 34

art, music, and humor. Having pets available can also meet many needs, such as companionship and need for touch.

Question 35

Signs and symptoms of sundown syndrome (nocturnal delirium)

Answer 35

Restlessness, increased anxiety, increased agitation, increased agitation, increased confusion, uncooperativeness, argumentativeness

Question 36

(know) impaired mental status, dehydration, fatigue, low lighting or increased shadows, and disruption in the internal body block all contribute to Sundowning as well as decline in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 36

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