BN ch 41 Flashcards
Age-related changes in mental processes, such as a decline in short-term memory and cognitive skills
age-associated memory impairment
Progressive, degenerative disease of the brain of unknown origin, resulting in the person’s inability to process and integrate new information and retrieve memory
Alzheimer disease (AD)
In psychology, a form of treatment used to change behavior by giving positive feedback for desired behavior and negative feedback for undesirable behavior
behavior modification
Term used to describe age-related changes in mental processes, including a slight decline in short-term memory and cognitive skills
benign senescent forgetfulness
Psychosocial intervention that includes art, music, and humor, and that can allow for self-expression and alleviate anxiety and depression
creative behavioral therapy
Acute confusional state that can occur suddenly or over a long period as a result of an underlying biologic cause or psychological stressor
delirium
Neurologic condition characterized by the following cognitive defects: impaired memory, disturbed intellectual function, and inability to problem solve
dementia
Mental state characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and discouragement, ranging from mild to major symptoms
depression
Treatment that consists of electric shock to the brain, for severe depression that fails to respond to medication or psychotherapy
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
The appearance of or increase of symptoms of confusion or agitation associated with the late afternoon or early evening hours, usually continuing into the night; also known as sundowning or sundown syndrome
nocturnal delirium
Behavior characterized by delusions of persecution and/or delusions of grandeur
paranoia
Medications, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and venlafaxine, used to treat depression
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Medications, used for depression, that block reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine
serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
(know) Little is known about nocturnal delirium, which poses a management problem for caregiving, although it is sometimes associated with faster cognitive decline in the patient with Alzheimer disease (AD). Impaired mental status, dehydration, fatigue, low lighting or increased shadows, and disruption in the internal body clock may contribute to sundowning
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2 basic types of behavioral management?
psychosocial interventions and medications
What is the primary goal of psychosocial interventions?
to produce a feeling of well-being in the confused and disoriented older adult
what is the goal of creative therapies
to slow the rate of deterioration and prevent institutionalization as long as possible
Also known as antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, are sometimes prescribed to manage the anxiety, agitation, hostility, and paranoia associated with dementia
major tranquilizers
may also be used to treat symptoms of agitation and anxiety, although many medications in this category appear on the screening tool of older person’s prescriptions (STOPP) criteria list
minor tranquilizers
What does STOPP stand for?
screening tool of older person’s perscriptions
(know) most large communities have respite care for those with dementia where the family caregivers can take the patient while they have a short break. For qualified veterans, the department of veterans affairs facilities can provide respite care for up to 30 days each year. Often these are special units attached to a hospital or long-term care facility
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What is the 5th leading cause of death in the elderly community
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
(know) the loss of neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes accounts for the AD patient’s inability to process and integrate new information and retrieve memory
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(know) General nursing interventions for AD patients depend on the severity of illness. Early in the disease process, nursing care for a confused patient is necessary. Later in the disease process, nursing care is primarily supportive
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