AP CH 14 Flashcards

1
Q

substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it

A

antigen

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2
Q

immune cells that present antigens on their surface and thus allow recognition and reaction by other immune system cells

A

antigen-presenting cell (APC)

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3
Q

a lymphocyte; when activated they develop into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood

A

B cells (B lymphocytes)

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4
Q

resistance to disease organisms resulting from the actions of cells; chiefly sensitized T cells

A

cell-mediated immunity

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5
Q

process by which a substance attracts (or repels) cells or organisms into )or away from) its vicinity

A

chemotaxis

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6
Q

an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct that serves as a storage area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the venous system

A

cisterna chyli

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7
Q

antigen-binding site; any of the antigen receptor regions on antibody molecules; the shape of each combining site is complementary to the shape of a specific antigen

A

combining site

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8
Q

any of several inactive enzymes normally present in blood, which, when activated, kill foreign cells by dissolving them. They attract immune cells to a site of infection, activate immune cells, mark foreign cells for destruction, and increase the permeability of blood vessels. Also plays a vital role in producing the inflammatory response

A

complement

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9
Q

rapid-fire series of chemical reactions involving proteins, called complements (normally present in blood plasma), which are triggered by certain antibody-antigen reactions (and other stimuli), and result in the formation of tiny protein rings that create holes in a foreign cell and thus cause its destruction

A

complement cascade

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10
Q

part of an antibody molecule that binds with complement proteins during certain immune responses

A

complement-binding site

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11
Q

chemical released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive immune responses

A

cytokine

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12
Q

phagocytic cells with numerous branches in the immune system

A

dendritic cell (DC)

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13
Q

a category of B or T lymphocytes that carries out active immune functions, in contrast to a memory cell that remains immunologically inactive

A

effector cell

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14
Q

any of the small lymphatic vessels that carry lymphatic fluid away from a lymph node

A

efferent lymphatic vessel

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15
Q

immunity that is produced when antibodies prevent antigens from harming the body, also called antibody-mediated immunity

A

humoral immunity

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16
Q

immune process produced in response to injury and resulting in redness, pain, heat, and swelling— also promoting the movement of white blood cells to the affected area

A

inflammatory response

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17
Q

the protective mechanisms that provide immediate, nonspecific protection against any bacteria, toxin, or other injurious particle; also called nonspecific immunity

A

innate immunity

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18
Q

small proteins produced by the immune system that inhibit viral multiplication

A

interferon (IF)

19
Q

any of several intracellular signals (cytokines) released by white blood cells (leukocytes); usually involved in immune responses

A

interleukin (IL)

20
Q

a lymphatic vessel located in each villus of the intestine; serves to absorb lipid materials from the chyme passing through the small intestine

21
Q

mass of lymphoid tissue located in the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

22
Q

watery fluid, formed in the tissue spaces, that returns excess fluid and protein molecules to the blood

23
Q

performs biological filtration of lymph on its way to the circulatory system

A

lymph node

24
Q

any of the tiny blind-ended lymph-collecting tubes distributed in the tissue spaces

A

lymphatic capillary

25
any of the vessels that carry lymph to its eventual return to the circulatory system
lymphatic vessel
26
tissue that is responsible for manufacturing lymphocytes and monocytes; found mostly in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen
lymphoid tissue
27
cell that remains in reserve in the lymph nodes until its ability to secrete antibodies is needed
memory cell
28
type of lymphocyte that kills many types of tumor cells
natural killer cell (NK cell)
29
either of a pair of lymphoid masses located behind and below the pillars of the fauces
palatine tonsil
30
tonsils located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx; when enlarged, referred to as adenoids
pharyngeal tonsils
31
type of lymphocyte (B lymphocyte) white blood blood cell that secretes huge amounts of antibody into the blood
plasma cell
32
short vessel into which lymphatic vessels from the right upper quadrant of the body empty lymph; the duct then empties the lymph into the circulatory system at the right subclavian vein
right lymphatic duct
33
a system of biological defense with memory of a specific antigen and the ability to respond to that antigen, in contrast to the nonspecific nature of innate immunity; another name is adaptive immunity
Specific immunity
34
largest lymphoid organ; filters blood, destroys won-out red blood cells, salvages iron from hemoglobin, and serves as a blood reservoir. Contains 500 mL (about 1 pint) of blood
spleen (the white pulp)
35
white blood cell of the immune system that has undergone maturation in the thymus; produces cell-mediated immunity
T cell (T lymphocyte)
36
largest lymphatic vessel in the body
thoracic duct
37
family of hormones produced by the thymus that is viral to the development and functioning of the body's immune system, particularly the development of T lymphocytes
thymosin
38
occurs when an individual's own immune system responds to an agent that produces and immune response regardless of whether that agent was naturally or artificially encountered
active immunity
39
results when immunity to a disease that has developed in another individual or animal is transferred to an individual who was not previously immune
passive immunity
40
(know) active immunity lasts much longer than passive immunity. Although passive immunity is temporary, it provides immediate protection
...
41
(know) the innate, nonspecific immune responses are more rapid than specific immune responses, so they are often the "first responders" when threats occur in the body
...
42
literally, glandlike; pharyngeal tonsils, are paired lymphoid structures in the nasopharynx
adenoid
43
any small lymphatic vessel that carries lymphatic fluid toward a lymph node
afferent lymphatic vessel
44
antibodies causing antigens to clump or stick together
agglutinate