AP ch 10

Question 1

sensitive to change in intensity or color of light, as in vision

Answer 1

photoreceptors

Question 2

sensitive to presence of certain chemicals, as in taste or smell

Answer 2

Chemoreceptors

Question 3

sensitive to physical injury

Answer 3

Pain receptors

Question 4

sensitive to changes in temperature

Answer 4

thermoreceptors

Question 5

sensitive to mechanical stimuli that change their position or shape

Answer 5

Mechanoreceptors

Question 6

The senses are often classified as either ___ or ___

Answer 6

general senses or special senses

Question 7

The ___ are those detected by simple microscopic receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body in the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and other internal organs of the body. They are responsible for such sensations as pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and body position

Answer 7

general senses

Question 8

What type of receptor is the Eye?

Answer 8

Photoreceptor

Question 9

What type of specific receptor is the Eye?

Answer 9

Rods and cones

Question 10

What type of receptor is the Ear?

Answer 10

Mechanoreceptor

Question 11

What type of specific receptors is the Ear? (3)

Answer 11

#1 spiral organ
#2 Cristae ampullares
#3 Maculae

Question 12

What type of receptor is the Nose?

Answer 12

Chemoreceptor

Question 13

What type of specific receptor is the Nose?

Answer 13

Olfactory cells

Question 14

What type of receptor is the taste buds?

Answer 14

Chemoreceptor

Question 15

What type of specific receptor is the taste buds?

Answer 15

Gustatory

Question 16

The ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two is called

Answer 16

two-point discrimination

Question 17

What is the distance between touch receptors over the fingerips

Answer 17

2 to 8 mm

Question 18

What is the distance between touch receptors over the palms

Answer 18

8 to 12 mm

Question 19

What is the distance between touch receptors over the torso

Answer 19

40 to 60 mm

Question 20

Some general sensory receptors found deep within skeletal muscle tissue are called ___

Answer 20

proprioceptors

Question 21

The tendon organ is also called ___

Answer 21

golgi tendon organ

Question 22

The eye has 3 wall layers :

Answer 22

#1 Fibrous layer
#2 Vascular layer
#3 Inner layer

Question 23

What is in the Fibrous layer

Answer 23

Sclera and Cornea

Question 24

What is in the Vascular layer

Answer 24

Choroid, Ciliary, Iris, Lens

Question 25

What is in the Inner layer

Answer 25

Retina, optic nerve, Retinal blood vessels

Question 26

The "white" of the eye is part of the fibrous layer called the ___

Answer 26

sclera

Question 27

The transparent circle on the anterior of the fibrous layer is called the ___

Answer 27

cornea

Question 28

Inflammation of the cornea is called ___

Answer 28

keratitis

Question 29

A mucous membrane known as the ___ lines the eyelids and covers the fibrous layer in front

Answer 29

conjunctiva

Question 30

Inflammation of the conjunctiva membrane is called ___ or pink eye and is most often caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or environmental factors

Answer 30

conjunctivitis

Question 31

The conjunctiva is kept moist by tears secreted by the ___

Answer 31

lacrimal gland

Question 32

The ___ helps prevent the scattering of incoming light rays, which could make it hard for the eye to focus on an image

Answer 32

choroid

Question 33

The ___ makes up most of the inner layer of the eyeball

Answer 33

retina

Question 34

___ are the receptors for night vision and ___ are the receptors for daytime vision

Answer 34

rods and cones

Question 35

There is a yellowish area near the center of the reina called the ___

Answer 35

macula lutea

Question 36

___ contains the greatest concentration of cones of any area of the retina

Answer 36

fovea centralis

Question 37

___ are sensitive to various wavelengths of light, but they are not used to form visual images. Instead, information from these cells helps the body determine whether it is day or night, as well as the level of moonlight

Answer 37

ganglion cells

Question 38

___ is the name of the watery fluid in front of the lens (in the anterior chamber of the eye)

Answer 38

aqueous humor

Question 39

___ is the name of the jellylike fluid behind the lens (in the posterior chamber)

Answer 39

vitreous humor

Question 40

___ occurs as light passes through the cornea, the aqueous humor, the lens, and the vitreous humor on its way to the retina

Answer 40

Refraction

Question 41

The innermost layer of the retina contains the rods and cones, which are the ___ of the eye

Answer 41

photoreceptor cells

Question 42

"blind spot" known as the

Answer 42

optic dick

Question 43

The stimulation or "trigger" that activates receptors involved with hearing and equilibrium is mechanical, and the receptors themselves are called ___

Answer 43

mechanoreceptors

Question 44

The ear is divided into the following anatomical areas : (3)

Answer 44

``` #1 External ear #2 Middle ear #3 Inner ear ```

Question 45

The external ear has two parts :

Answer 45

``` #1 the auricle or pinna #2 external acoustic canal ```

Question 46

The tympanic membrane is the

Answer 46

eardrum

Question 47

Cerumen is

Answer 47

ear wax

Question 48

A medical device called an ___ can be used to view the external acoustic canal and eardrum

Answer 48

otoscope

Question 49

The ___ separates the middle ear from the inner ear

Answer 49

oval window

Question 50

The ___ or eustachian tube connects the throat with the middle ear

Answer 50

auditory tube

Question 51

Middle ear infection is called

Answer 51

otitis media

Question 52

The inner ear consists of three spaces in the temporal bone assembled in a complex maze called the ___

Answer 52

bony labyrinth

Question 53

The bony labyrinth space is filled with a watery fluid called ___

Answer 53

perilymph

Question 54

The perilymph is divided into 3 parts :

Answer 54

``` #1 vestibule #2 semicircular canals #3 cochlea ```

Question 55

A balloonlike membranous sac is suspended in the perilymph and follows the shape of the bony labyrinth much like a "tube within a tube". This is the ___

Answer 55

membranous labyrinth

Question 56

The membranous labyrinth is filled with a thicker fluid called ___

Answer 56

endolymph

Question 57

The organ of hearing is the

Answer 57

spiral organ (organ of Corti)

Question 58

hearing loss is caused by nerve impairment is common in the elderly. Called ___, this progressive hearing loss associated with aging results from degeneration of sensory nerve tissue in the ear and the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 58

presbycusis

Question 59

Within the vestibule are two structures, each made up of a patch of sensory hairs coated with a thick glob of heavy gel. Each of these structures is called a ___

Answer 59

macula

Question 60

"sense of gravity" or ___

Answer 60

static equilibrium

Question 61

___, which generates a nerve impulse when the speed or direction of movement of your head changes

Answer 61

crista ampullaris

Question 62

"sense of motion" is called ___

Answer 62

dynamic equilibrium

Question 63

___ sways back and forth within the endolymph

Answer 63

cupula

Question 64

Nerves from mechanoreceptors in the vestibule join those from the semicircular canals to form the ___

Answer 64

vestibular nerve

Question 65

Our sense of taste - or ___ - allows us to chemically analyze food before we bite or swallow it

Answer 65

gustation

Question 66

The taste buds contain both supporting cells and chemoreceptors called ___. These cells generate the nervous impulses ultimately interpreted by the brain as taste

Answer 66

gustatory cells

Question 67

About 10 to 15 large ___ form an inverted "V" pattern at the back of the tongue and contain the most taste buds

Answer 67

circumvallate papillae

Question 68

This taste detects the amino acid glutamate

Answer 68

umami

Question 69

decrease in receptor sensitivity is called ___

Answer 69

adaptation

Question 70

The stimulation of pain receptors in deep structures may be felt as pain in the skin that lies over the affected organ or in an area of skin on the body surface far removed from the site of disease or injury : what is the term for this phenomenon

Answer 70

Referred pain

Question 71

What injury is top priority? This injury is about the same level as a heart attack

Answer 71

an eye injury is a medical emergency

Question 72

What age do we become more farsighted and lose the ability to focus on close objects?

Answer 72

40

Question 73

In some individuals, long time exposure to UV rays may cause the lens to become hard, lose its transparency, and become "milky". This condition is called a ___. May occur in one or both eyes. Once it begins, its formation tends to be progressive and may result in blindness

Answer 73

cataract

Question 74

If drainage is blocked for any reason, the internal pressure within the eye will increase, and damage that could lead to blindness will occur. This condition is called ___

Answer 74

glaucoma

Question 75

If our eyeballs are elongated, the image focuses in front of the retina rather than on it. The retina receives only a fuzzy image. This condition is called ___, or nearsightedness

Answer 75

myopia

Question 76

If our eyeballs are shorter than normal, the image focuses behind the retina, also producing a fuzzy image. This condition is called ___, or farsightedness

Answer 76

hyperopia

Question 77

___ is an abnormal eye condition resulting in blurred vision. It is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

Answer 77

Astigmatism

Question 78

Color blindness, usually inherited condition, is caused by mistakes in producing 3 chemicals called ___ in the cones

Answer 78

photopigments

Question 79

Each photopigment is sensitive to one of the three primary colors of light : (3)

Answer 79

``` #1 green #2 blue #3 red ```

Question 80

In many cases the ___ sensitive photopigment is missing and in other cases the ___ sensitive photopigment is abnormal

Answer 80

green ; red

Question 81

Deficiency of the ___ sensitive photopigment is very rare

Answer 81

blue