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Nursing > AP ch 10 > Flashcards

AP ch 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

sensitive to change in intensity or color of light, as in vision

A

photoreceptors

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2
Q

sensitive to presence of certain chemicals, as in taste or smell

A

Chemoreceptors

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3
Q

sensitive to physical injury

A

Pain receptors

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4
Q

sensitive to changes in temperature

A

thermoreceptors

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5
Q

sensitive to mechanical stimuli that change their position or shape

A

Mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

The senses are often classified as either ___ or ___

A

general senses or special senses

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7
Q

The ___ are those detected by simple microscopic receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body in the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and other internal organs of the body. They are responsible for such sensations as pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and body position

A

general senses

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8
Q

What type of receptor is the Eye?

A

Photoreceptor

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9
Q

What type of specific receptor is the Eye?

A

Rods and cones

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10
Q

What type of receptor is the Ear?

A

Mechanoreceptor

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11
Q

What type of specific receptors is the Ear? (3)

A 
#1 spiral organ
#2 Cristae ampullares
#3 Maculae
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12
Q

What type of receptor is the Nose?

A

Chemoreceptor

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13
Q

What type of specific receptor is the Nose?

A

Olfactory cells

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14
Q

What type of receptor is the taste buds?

A

Chemoreceptor

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15
Q

What type of specific receptor is the taste buds?

A

Gustatory

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16
Q

The ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two is called

A

two-point discrimination

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17
Q

What is the distance between touch receptors over the fingerips

A

2 to 8 mm

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18
Q

What is the distance between touch receptors over the palms

A

8 to 12 mm

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19
Q

What is the distance between touch receptors over the torso

A

40 to 60 mm

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20
Q

Some general sensory receptors found deep within skeletal muscle tissue are called ___

A

proprioceptors

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21
Q

The tendon organ is also called ___

A

golgi tendon organ

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22
Q

The eye has 3 wall layers :

A 
#1 Fibrous layer
#2 Vascular layer
#3 Inner layer
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23
Q

What is in the Fibrous layer

A

Sclera and Cornea

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24
Q

What is in the Vascular layer

A

Choroid, Ciliary, Iris, Lens

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25
Q

What is in the Inner layer

A

Retina, optic nerve, Retinal blood vessels

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26
Q

The “white” of the eye is part of the fibrous layer called the ___

A

sclera

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27
Q

The transparent circle on the anterior of the fibrous layer is called the ___

A

cornea

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28
Q

Inflammation of the cornea is called ___

A

keratitis

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29
Q

A mucous membrane known as the ___ lines the eyelids and covers the fibrous layer in front

A

conjunctiva

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30
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva membrane is called ___ or pink eye and is most often caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or environmental factors

A

conjunctivitis

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31
Q

The conjunctiva is kept moist by tears secreted by the ___

A

lacrimal gland

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32
Q

The ___ helps prevent the scattering of incoming light rays, which could make it hard for the eye to focus on an image

A

choroid

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33
Q

The ___ makes up most of the inner layer of the eyeball

A

retina

34
Q

___ are the receptors for night vision and ___ are the receptors for daytime vision

A

rods and cones

35
Q

There is a yellowish area near the center of the reina called the ___

A

macula lutea

36
Q

___ contains the greatest concentration of cones of any area of the retina

A

fovea centralis

37
Q

___ are sensitive to various wavelengths of light, but they are not used to form visual images. Instead, information from these cells helps the body determine whether it is day or night, as well as the level of moonlight

A

ganglion cells

38
Q

___ is the name of the watery fluid in front of the lens (in the anterior chamber of the eye)

A

aqueous humor

39
Q

___ is the name of the jellylike fluid behind the lens (in the posterior chamber)

A

vitreous humor

40
Q

___ occurs as light passes through the cornea, the aqueous humor, the lens, and the vitreous humor on its way to the retina

A

Refraction

41
Q

The innermost layer of the retina contains the rods and cones, which are the ___ of the eye

A

photoreceptor cells

42
Q

“blind spot” known as the

A

optic dick

43
Q

The stimulation or “trigger” that activates receptors involved with hearing and equilibrium is mechanical, and the receptors themselves are called ___

A

mechanoreceptors

44
Q

The ear is divided into the following anatomical areas : (3)

A 
#1 External ear
#2 Middle ear
#3 Inner ear
45
Q

The external ear has two parts :

A 
#1 the auricle or pinna
#2 external acoustic canal
46
Q

The tympanic membrane is the

A

eardrum

47
Q

Cerumen is

A

ear wax

48
Q

A medical device called an ___ can be used to view the external acoustic canal and eardrum

A

otoscope

49
Q

The ___ separates the middle ear from the inner ear

A

oval window

50
Q

The ___ or eustachian tube connects the throat with the middle ear

A

auditory tube

51
Q

Middle ear infection is called

A

otitis media

52
Q

The inner ear consists of three spaces in the temporal bone assembled in a complex maze called the ___

A

bony labyrinth

53
Q

The bony labyrinth space is filled with a watery fluid called ___

A

perilymph

54
Q

The perilymph is divided into 3 parts :

A 
#1 vestibule
#2 semicircular canals
#3 cochlea
55
Q

A balloonlike membranous sac is suspended in the perilymph and follows the shape of the bony labyrinth much like a “tube within a tube”. This is the ___

A

membranous labyrinth

56
Q

The membranous labyrinth is filled with a thicker fluid called ___

A

endolymph

57
Q

The organ of hearing is the

A

spiral organ (organ of Corti)

58
Q

hearing loss is caused by nerve impairment is common in the elderly. Called ___, this progressive hearing loss associated with aging results from degeneration of sensory nerve tissue in the ear and the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

presbycusis

59
Q

Within the vestibule are two structures, each made up of a patch of sensory hairs coated with a thick glob of heavy gel. Each of these structures is called a ___

A

macula

60
Q

“sense of gravity” or ___

A

static equilibrium

61
Q

___, which generates a nerve impulse when the speed or direction of movement of your head changes

A

crista ampullaris

62
Q

“sense of motion” is called ___

A

dynamic equilibrium

63
Q

___ sways back and forth within the endolymph

A

cupula

64
Q

Nerves from mechanoreceptors in the vestibule join those from the semicircular canals to form the ___

A

vestibular nerve

65
Q

Our sense of taste - or ___ - allows us to chemically analyze food before we bite or swallow it

A

gustation

66
Q

The taste buds contain both supporting cells and chemoreceptors called ___. These cells generate the nervous impulses ultimately interpreted by the brain as taste

A

gustatory cells

67
Q

About 10 to 15 large ___ form an inverted “V” pattern at the back of the tongue and contain the most taste buds

A

circumvallate papillae

68
Q

This taste detects the amino acid glutamate

A

umami

69
Q

decrease in receptor sensitivity is called ___

A

adaptation

70
Q

The stimulation of pain receptors in deep structures may be felt as pain in the skin that lies over the affected organ or in an area of skin on the body surface far removed from the site of disease or injury : what is the term for this phenomenon

A

Referred pain

71
Q

What injury is top priority? This injury is about the same level as a heart attack

A

an eye injury is a medical emergency

72
Q

What age do we become more farsighted and lose the ability to focus on close objects?

A

40

73
Q

In some individuals, long time exposure to UV rays may cause the lens to become hard, lose its transparency, and become “milky”. This condition is called a ___. May occur in one or both eyes. Once it begins, its formation tends to be progressive and may result in blindness

A

cataract

74
Q

If drainage is blocked for any reason, the internal pressure within the eye will increase, and damage that could lead to blindness will occur. This condition is called ___

A

glaucoma

75
Q

If our eyeballs are elongated, the image focuses in front of the retina rather than on it. The retina receives only a fuzzy image. This condition is called ___, or nearsightedness

A

myopia

76
Q

If our eyeballs are shorter than normal, the image focuses behind the retina, also producing a fuzzy image. This condition is called ___, or farsightedness

A

hyperopia

77
Q

___ is an abnormal eye condition resulting in blurred vision. It is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

A

Astigmatism

78
Q

Color blindness, usually inherited condition, is caused by mistakes in producing 3 chemicals called ___ in the cones

A

photopigments

79
Q

Each photopigment is sensitive to one of the three primary colors of light : (3)

A 
#1 green
#2 blue
#3 red
80
Q

In many cases the ___ sensitive photopigment is missing and in other cases the ___ sensitive photopigment is abnormal

A

green ; red

81
Q

Deficiency of the ___ sensitive photopigment is very rare

A

blue

Nursing (80 decks)

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