BN 15

Question 1

the absence of brain activity as evidenced by the absence of EEG waves. Brain death is characterized by 3 cardinal findings: coma, absence of brain stem reflexes, and apnea

Answer 1

death

Question 2

Satir says people experience these 6 changes when going through the 6 stages of grief

Answer 2

#1 status quo
#2 introduction of a foreign element
#3 Chaos
#4 integration
#5 practice
#6 new status quo

Question 3

(know) a person’s reaction to loss does not necessarily depend on the size of the loss; it is much more influenced by the person’s perceived value of loss

Answer 3

…

Question 4

The 5 grief indicators

Answer 4

Denial, yearning, anger, depression, and acceptance

Question 5

(know) the patient will not be offended by your crying and may draw support from a shared experience

Answer 5

…

Question 6

What is the goal of palliative care?

Answer 6

To reduce or relieve the symptoms of a disease without attempting to provide a cure

Question 7

is both a distinct nursing practice area and a philosophy of care for the dying and their families

Answer 7

hospice

Question 8

What is the intent of hospice care?

Answer 8

to help patients in the end stage of life, and their families, to experience the process of death with the highest quality of life and least amount of disruption as possible

Question 9

Kubler-ross 5 stages of coping with death

Answer 9

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Question 10

What does the concept of comfort care focus on?

Answer 10

identifying symptoms that cause the patient distress and adequately treating those symptoms

Question 11

the study of death

Answer 11

thanatology

Question 12

The WHO 3 step ladder for pain relief

Answer 12

#1 start with nonopioid drugs +1 adjuvant ladder
#2 if pain persists or increases, add an opioid designated for mild to moderate pain
#3 If pain persists or increases, change to an opioid designated for moderate to severe pain

Question 13

disorder associated with age in which there is a gradual loss of acute, central, and color vision

Answer 13

age related macular degneration

Question 14

fat soluble hydrocarbon found in dark green leafy vegetables and deep orange vegetables and fruits; converts to vitamin A in humans

Answer 14

beta carotene

Question 15

opacity (not letting light through) of the lens of the eye, which impairs vision

Answer 15

cataract

Question 16

abnormal pain during sexual intercourse

Answer 16

dyspareunia

Question 17

difficulty swallowing

Answer 17

dysphagia

Question 18

collection of hardened feces in the rectum or colon

Answer 18

fecal impaction

Question 19

the accumulation of fluid inside the eye, which exerts pressure on the optic nerve, eventually causing blindness

Answer 19

glaucoma

Question 20

the use of multiple medications, often inappropriately and excessively, at the same time

Answer 20

polypharmacy

Question 21

fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness, syncope (fainting), and blurred vision that occurs upon standing; also called orthostatic hypotension

Answer 21

postural hypotension

Question 22

inability to hear high pitched sounds and some spoken words; occurs in old age

Answer 22

presbycusis

Question 23

age-related decreased ability to focus the eye on nearby objects

Answer 23

presbyopia

Question 24

noise in the ears such as ringing, buzzing, or roaring

Answer 24

tinnitus

Question 25

the ability to focus on both near and far objects

Answer 25

visual accommodation

Question 26

respirations that gradually become shallower and are followed by periods of apnea (no breathing)

Answer 26

Cheyne-stokes respirations

Question 27

(know) a coroner investigates any deaths that result from injury, accident, murder, or suicide. Any death within 24 hours after admission to the hospital or during surgery, or death of a person who has not been under a physician’s care, is reported to the coroner

Answer 27

…

Question 28

(know) position the patient in supine position with a pillow under the head and the head of the bed elevated 15 to 20 degrees. Close the eyelids by grasping the eyelashes and gently pulling the lids down over the cornea. (raising the head prevents pooling of the blood, which might discolor the face. Closing the eyelids protects the eyeballs)

Answer 28

…

Question 29

5 of the most common physical care problems that plague the older adult population are:

Answer 29

#1 impaired mobility
#2 alteration in elimination
#3 alteration in nutrition
#4 sensory
#5 polypharmacy
(sexual concerns are also common)

Question 30

Walking speed, also called ___, is considered to be such an important measurement in the older adult that it has been described by some as the “sixth vital sign”. Dancing, gardening, home maintenance, and swimming can also promote mobility

Answer 30

gait velocity

Question 31

(know) environmental factors, such as clutter in walking areas, inadequate lighting or glare, improper footwear, and unsafe furnishings (such as scatter rugs), predispose the person to falls. Even walkers and canes can increase the risk of falls

Answer 31

…

Question 32

(know) move older adults slowly out of bed to prevent possible orthostatic hypotension

Answer 32

…