AP Ch 12+13 Flashcards
Most adults have between __ and __ Liters of blood. It normally accounts for about __% to __% of the total body weight
4 to 6 liters ; 7% to 9%
For RBCs, a range of ___ to ___ million per cubic millimeter of blood, with males generally having a higher number than females, is common
4.2 to 6.2
the total number of WBCs per cubic millimeter of whole blood ranges between ___ and ___
5,000 and 10,000
reinfusion of red blood cells into an athlete before competition in an attempt to increase performance levels or stamina by increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
blood doping
thin layer of white blood cells and platelets located between red blood cells and plasma in a centrifuged sample of blood
buffy coat
the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2)
proportion of each type of WBC reported as a percentage of the total WBC count
differential WBC count
obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream
embolism
a blood clot or other substance (bubble of air) that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel
embolus
a disease that may develop when an Rh-negative mother has anti-Rh antibodies and gives birth to an Rh-positive baby and the antibodies react with the Rh-positive cells of the baby
erythroblastosis fetalis
another name for red blood cell
erythrocyte
hormone secreted to increase red blood cell production in response to oxygen deficiency
erythropoietin (EPO)
insoluble protein in clotted blood
fibrin
soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting
fibrinogen
a type of plasma protein that includes antibodies
globulin
volume percentage of blood cells in whole blood
hematocrit (Hct)
blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
iron-containing protein in red blood cells
hemoglobin (Hb)
stoppage of blood flow
hemostasis
substance obtained from the liver; inhibits blood clotting
heparin
substance that binds to molecules of vitamin B12, protecting them from the acids and enzymes of the stomach; secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands
intrinsic factor
a white blood cell is also called
leukocyte
abnormally high white blood cell numbers in the blood
leukocytosis
abnormally low white blood cell numbers in the blood
leukopenia
a category of phagocytic cells in the immune system
macrophage
immune system cell to which antibodies become attached in early stages of inflammation
mast cell
a phagocyte is called a
monocyte
the tissue that makes up red bone marrow
myeloid tissue
deficiency of red blood cells resulting from a lack of vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
white blood cell that engulfs microbes and digests them
phagocyte
type of lymphocyte white blood cell that secretes huge amounts of antibody into the blood
plasma cell
a temporary accumulation of platelets (thrombocytes) at the site of an injury; it precedes the formation of a blood clot
platelet plug
the number of red blood cells increase beyond normal and thus increases blood viscosity
polycythemia
a protein present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting
prothrombin, thrombin
disk shaped blood cell filled with hemoglobin; also called an erythrocyte
red blood cell (RBC)
severe, possibly lipidal hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Common in african americans.
sickle cell anemia
blood cell fragment that plays a central role in blood clotting also called a platelet
thrombocyte
formation of a clot in a blood vessel
thrombosis
stationary blood clot
thrombus
reduction in vessel diameter caused by increased contraction of the muscular coat
vasoconstriction
any of several types of unpigmented blood cells that function in immunity; also called a leukocyte
white blood cell (WBC)
help retain water in the blood by osmosis. plasma protein
albumins
includes the antibodies that help protect us from infections, circulate in the plasma. protein plasma.
globulins
What are the formed elements
RBC, WBC (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes), platelets
(know) An INR, international normalized ratio, of 0.8 to 1.2 is considered normal. In regulating anticoagulant therapy, keeping the INR between 1.5 and 3 will help ensure the prevention of unwanted blood coagulation in “at-risk” individuals
…
The two valves that separate the atrial chambers above from the ventricles below are :
atrioventricular (AV) valves and bicuspid valve (mitral)
what are the 4 structures that make up the conduction system
#1 sinoatrial node (SA node) (pacemaker) #2 Atrioventricular node (AV node) #3 AV bundle (bundle of his) #4 subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)
is the volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per minute. It averages about 5 L in a normal, resting adult
cardiac output
refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each beat
stoke volume
Cardiac output equation?
HR (beats/minute) X SV (volume/beat) = CO (volume/minute)
chamber or cavity
atrium
the difference between two blood pressures in the body
blood pressure gradient
group of stringlike structures that attach the atrioventricular valves to the wall of the heart
chordae tendineae
the first artery to branch off the aorta; supplies blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)
coronary artery
the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle
depolarization
relaxation of the heart; interposed between its contractions
diastole
inflammation of the lining of the heart
endocarditis
the route of blood flow through the liver
hepatic portal circulation
to flow through
perfuse
artery that carries deoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery
phase that begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity
repolarization
contraction of the heart muscle
systole
factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel wall
vasomotor mechanism
