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Nursing > AP Ch 12+13 > Flashcards

AP Ch 12+13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Most adults have between __ and __ Liters of blood. It normally accounts for about __% to __% of the total body weight

A

4 to 6 liters ; 7% to 9%

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2
Q

For RBCs, a range of ___ to ___ million per cubic millimeter of blood, with males generally having a higher number than females, is common

A

4.2 to 6.2

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3
Q

the total number of WBCs per cubic millimeter of whole blood ranges between ___ and ___

A

5,000 and 10,000

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4
Q

reinfusion of red blood cells into an athlete before competition in an attempt to increase performance levels or stamina by increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

A

blood doping

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5
Q

thin layer of white blood cells and platelets located between red blood cells and plasma in a centrifuged sample of blood

A

buffy coat

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6
Q

the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin

A

carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2)

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7
Q

proportion of each type of WBC reported as a percentage of the total WBC count

A

differential WBC count

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8
Q

obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream

A

embolism

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9
Q

a blood clot or other substance (bubble of air) that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel

A

embolus

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10
Q

a disease that may develop when an Rh-negative mother has anti-Rh antibodies and gives birth to an Rh-positive baby and the antibodies react with the Rh-positive cells of the baby

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

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11
Q

another name for red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

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12
Q

hormone secreted to increase red blood cell production in response to oxygen deficiency

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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13
Q

insoluble protein in clotted blood

A

fibrin

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14
Q

soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting

A

fibrinogen

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15
Q

a type of plasma protein that includes antibodies

A

globulin

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16
Q

volume percentage of blood cells in whole blood

A

hematocrit (Hct)

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17
Q

blood cell formation

A

hematopoiesis

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18
Q

iron-containing protein in red blood cells

A

hemoglobin (Hb)

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19
Q

stoppage of blood flow

A

hemostasis

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20
Q

substance obtained from the liver; inhibits blood clotting

A

heparin

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21
Q

substance that binds to molecules of vitamin B12, protecting them from the acids and enzymes of the stomach; secreted by the parietal cells of gastric glands

A

intrinsic factor

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22
Q

a white blood cell is also called

A

leukocyte

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23
Q

abnormally high white blood cell numbers in the blood

A

leukocytosis

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24
Q

abnormally low white blood cell numbers in the blood

A

leukopenia

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25
Q

a category of phagocytic cells in the immune system

A

macrophage

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26
Q

immune system cell to which antibodies become attached in early stages of inflammation

A

mast cell

27
Q

a phagocyte is called a

A

monocyte

28
Q

the tissue that makes up red bone marrow

A

myeloid tissue

29
Q

deficiency of red blood cells resulting from a lack of vitamin B12

A

pernicious anemia

30
Q

white blood cell that engulfs microbes and digests them

A

phagocyte

31
Q

type of lymphocyte white blood cell that secretes huge amounts of antibody into the blood

A

plasma cell

32
Q

a temporary accumulation of platelets (thrombocytes) at the site of an injury; it precedes the formation of a blood clot

A

platelet plug

33
Q

the number of red blood cells increase beyond normal and thus increases blood viscosity

A

polycythemia

34
Q

a protein present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting

A

prothrombin, thrombin

35
Q

disk shaped blood cell filled with hemoglobin; also called an erythrocyte

A

red blood cell (RBC)

36
Q

severe, possibly lipidal hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Common in african americans.

A

sickle cell anemia

37
Q

blood cell fragment that plays a central role in blood clotting also called a platelet

A

thrombocyte

38
Q

formation of a clot in a blood vessel

A

thrombosis

39
Q

stationary blood clot

A

thrombus

40
Q

reduction in vessel diameter caused by increased contraction of the muscular coat

A

vasoconstriction

41
Q

any of several types of unpigmented blood cells that function in immunity; also called a leukocyte

A

white blood cell (WBC)

42
Q

help retain water in the blood by osmosis. plasma protein

A

albumins

43
Q

includes the antibodies that help protect us from infections, circulate in the plasma. protein plasma.

A

globulins

44
Q

What are the formed elements

A

RBC, WBC (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes), platelets

45
Q

(know) An INR, international normalized ratio, of 0.8 to 1.2 is considered normal. In regulating anticoagulant therapy, keeping the INR between 1.5 and 3 will help ensure the prevention of unwanted blood coagulation in “at-risk” individuals

A

…

46
Q

The two valves that separate the atrial chambers above from the ventricles below are :

A

atrioventricular (AV) valves and bicuspid valve (mitral)

47
Q

what are the 4 structures that make up the conduction system

A 
#1 sinoatrial node (SA node) (pacemaker)
#2 Atrioventricular node (AV node)
#3 AV bundle (bundle of his)
#4 subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)
48
Q

is the volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per minute. It averages about 5 L in a normal, resting adult

A

cardiac output

49
Q

refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each beat

A

stoke volume

50
Q

Cardiac output equation?

A

HR (beats/minute) X SV (volume/beat) = CO (volume/minute)

51
Q

chamber or cavity

A

atrium

52
Q

the difference between two blood pressures in the body

A

blood pressure gradient

53
Q

group of stringlike structures that attach the atrioventricular valves to the wall of the heart

A

chordae tendineae

54
Q

the first artery to branch off the aorta; supplies blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)

A

coronary artery

55
Q

the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle

A

depolarization

56
Q

relaxation of the heart; interposed between its contractions

A

diastole

57
Q

inflammation of the lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

58
Q

the route of blood flow through the liver

A

hepatic portal circulation

59
Q

to flow through

A

perfuse

60
Q

artery that carries deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary artery

61
Q

phase that begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity

A

repolarization

62
Q

contraction of the heart muscle

A

systole

63
Q

factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel wall

A

vasomotor mechanism

Nursing (80 decks)

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