AP Ch 16 Flashcards
large, multilobed exocrine gland in the right upper abdominal quadrant, producing bile and having many metabolic functions
liver
hollow sac connected to the common bile duct that stores and concentrates bile
gallbladder
a large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
mesentery
two layers of muscle surrounding the digestive tube that produce wavelike, rhythmic contractions, called peristalsis, that move material along the digestive tract
muscularis
outermost covering of the digestive tract composed of the parietal pleura in the abdominal cavity
serosa
portion of the colon extending from the cecum to the hepatic flexure
ascending colon
the muscular mucus-lined tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach; also known as the food pipe
esophagus
part of the organ opposite to its main opening; the base of an organ, opposite the apex of the organ
fundus
the first subdivision of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs
duodenum
the distal portion of the small intestine
ileum
endocrine gland located in the abdominal cavity; contains the pancreatic islets that secret glucagon and insulin
pancreas
division of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen
transverse colon
wavelike rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines that move material along the digestive tract
peristalsis
a tubular structure attached to the cecum; composed of lymphoid tissue
vermiform appendix
fingerlike fold covering the plicae of the small intestines
villus (vili)
portion of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen; it extends from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon
descending colon
the middle third of the small intestine
jejunum
a small, rounded mass of masticated food and saliva to be swallowed
bolus
partially digested mixture leaving the stomach
chyme
abnormal yellowing of skin, mucous membranes, and white of eyes
jaundice
a necrotic open sore or lesion
ulcer
mucous membrane
mucosa
What is the main organ of digestive system
stomach
sequence of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
largest salivary gland is the ___
parotid
which gland sits on each side of the lingual frenulum
submandibular
enzymes are important in the ___
chemical digestion
pharynx is apart of the ___ and ___ system
digestive and respiratory system
the stomach that joins the small intestines is called the ___
parting stomach ; pylorus
types of process that happen to food
Digestion, absorption, metabolism
(know) hydrolysis is a bacteria
…
What is the function of bile?
mostly high fat and removes cholesterol
know about the hepatic and splenic flexures and their locations
The hepatic flexure or right colic flexure is the bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon, which extends across the front of the abdomen from right to left… The splenic flexure or left colic flexure marks the point where the descending colon turns downward on the left side of the abdomen.
___ is found in salivary glands and pancreas. It breaks down saliva and it breaks down carbs and starts in the mouth
amylase
(know) protein digestive depends on pepsin
…
(know) protein digestion begins in the stomach where pepsin is located
…
(know) hydrochloric acid is found in the stomach, converts hypsinogin into pepsin which breaks down meat protein
…
(know) the pancreas is going to empty digestive secretions into the duodenum
…
(know) the alimentary canal and the GI tract is usually referred to as the same thing
…
What does the gallbladder do
the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile
(know) the liver produces bile
…
