Med Surg 14

Question 1

An incomplete expansion, or collapse, of alveoli. It may occur from compression of the lungs from a lesion in the thorax, a decrease in surfactant, or bronchial obstruction that prevents air from reaching the alveoli

Answer 1

atelectasis

Question 2

chronic dilation of the bronchi marked by fetid breath and paroxysmal coughing, with the expectoration of mucopurulent matter

Answer 2

bronchiectasis

Question 3

a drug that acts directly on the smooth muscles of the bronchi to relax them and relieve bronchospasm

Answer 3

bronchodilator

Question 4

heart disease characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle because of pulmonary hypertension

Answer 4

cor pulmonale

Question 5

A crackling, crinkly or grating sound or feeling under the skin or in the joints

Answer 5

crepitus

Question 6

a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destructive changes in their walls

Answer 6

emphysema

Question 7

coughing and spitting of blood that can originate in the lungs, larynx, or trachea

Answer 7

hemoptysis

Question 8

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

Answer 8

hemothorax

Question 9

an infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis without current active disease

Answer 9

latent TB infection

Question 10

a device for delivering drugs or water to the respiratory tract by forcing air or oxygen through a solution

Answer 10

nebulizer

Question 11

the accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung on the affected side

Answer 11

Pneumothorax

Question 12

an elevation in the total number of blood cells

Answer 12

polycythemia

Question 13

a chronic, progressive, systemic granulomatous reticulosis of unknown etiology, involving almost any organ or tissue

Answer 13

sarcoidosis

Question 14

the surgical puncture and drainage of the thoracic cavity

Answer 14

thoracentesis

Question 15

dissolving or splitting up a thrombus

Answer 15

thrombolytic

Question 16

When do you need to take antibiotics

Answer 16

bacteria secondary or bacteria infections

Question 17

Know common viruses that turn into common bacteria infections

Answer 17

colds into sinusitis and flu into pneumonia

Question 18

Look at the 4 flu drugs and know which ones you take to prevent and which ones you take to treat

Answer 18

Amantadine (symmetrel), rimantadine (flumadine), zanamivir (relenza), oseltamivir (tamiflu). These drugs must be started within 48 hours of the start of symptoms

Question 19

What labs would you look at if your patient has a bacteria infection

Answer 19

culture and sensitivity, CBC because WBC would be elevated

Question 20

A Nurse caring for patient with bacterial pneumonia, which finding supports the potential diagnosis

Answer 20

Look at the blood, WC, look at the bacteria itself

Question 21

A type of lung infection caused by inhaling fungus Histoplasma capsulatum spores. These are found in birds and bat droppings. Usually many people remain without symptoms but with a weak immune system, they develop serious problems.

Answer 21

Histoplasmosis

Question 22

Remember TB drugs and how you take them, know the regiment

Answer 22

8 weeks then 18 weeks

Question 23

TST skin test, induration vs susceptibility vs level of contagious

Answer 23

The test is positive when the swelling at the site of injection is more than 5 mm in diameter 48 to 72 hours after injection in people who have a history of contact with infectious TB or in immunocompromised patients. Induration of more than 10 mm in diameter is positive in recent immigrants from countries where TB is prevalent, in medically underserved groups, and in the homeless. For those persons at low risk, induration of more than 15 mm is considered positive

Question 24

daily productive cough for 3 months or more, in at least 2 consecutive years, overweight, and cyanotic, elevated hemoglobin, peripheral edema, rhonchi and wheezing

Answer 24

Chronic bronchitis

Question 25

permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, older and thin, severe dyspnea, quiet chest, Xray shows hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms

Answer 25

Emphysema

Question 26

How do you position someone with a pneumonectomy or thoracic surgery

Answer 26

position on operative side

Question 27

Trouble shooting for chest tubes

Answer 27

Notify doctor if new or increased air leak present. If drainage tube is disconnected and contaminated, you may submerge the chest tube 1 to 2 inches (2-4 cm) below the surface of a 250 ml bottle of sterile water or saline until a new chest drainage unit is set-up.

Question 28

Positioning chest tubes

Answer 28

Secure the chest tube in place with a large silk suture (number 1 or 0) Go around the chest tube several times Cinch down to create a small waist on the chest tube Tie many knots Go around a second time and re-secure chest tubes should never accidentally fall out due to inadequately secured tube

Question 29

How do you perform postural drainage

Answer 29

Each position should be held for a minimum of five minutes. Positions can be done on a bed or on the floor. In each position, your chest should be lower than your hips to allow mucus to drain.

Question 30

How do you spread the flu

Answer 30

Direct and indirect contact with infected people by coughing, and sneezing and by virus transferred from contaminated hands to objects. Shed for 1 to 2 days prior

Question 31

Teach your patients with chronic lung diseases on how to eat

Answer 31

small meals, stay sitting up, chew slowly and thoroughly