Med Surg 14 Flashcards
An incomplete expansion, or collapse, of alveoli. It may occur from compression of the lungs from a lesion in the thorax, a decrease in surfactant, or bronchial obstruction that prevents air from reaching the alveoli
atelectasis
chronic dilation of the bronchi marked by fetid breath and paroxysmal coughing, with the expectoration of mucopurulent matter
bronchiectasis
a drug that acts directly on the smooth muscles of the bronchi to relax them and relieve bronchospasm
bronchodilator
heart disease characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle because of pulmonary hypertension
cor pulmonale
A crackling, crinkly or grating sound or feeling under the skin or in the joints
crepitus
a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destructive changes in their walls
emphysema
coughing and spitting of blood that can originate in the lungs, larynx, or trachea
hemoptysis
a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
an infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis without current active disease
latent TB infection
a device for delivering drugs or water to the respiratory tract by forcing air or oxygen through a solution
nebulizer
the accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung on the affected side
Pneumothorax
an elevation in the total number of blood cells
polycythemia
a chronic, progressive, systemic granulomatous reticulosis of unknown etiology, involving almost any organ or tissue
sarcoidosis
the surgical puncture and drainage of the thoracic cavity
thoracentesis
dissolving or splitting up a thrombus
thrombolytic
When do you need to take antibiotics
bacteria secondary or bacteria infections
Know common viruses that turn into common bacteria infections
colds into sinusitis and flu into pneumonia
Look at the 4 flu drugs and know which ones you take to prevent and which ones you take to treat
Amantadine (symmetrel), rimantadine (flumadine), zanamivir (relenza), oseltamivir (tamiflu). These drugs must be started within 48 hours of the start of symptoms
What labs would you look at if your patient has a bacteria infection
culture and sensitivity, CBC because WBC would be elevated
A Nurse caring for patient with bacterial pneumonia, which finding supports the potential diagnosis
Look at the blood, WC, look at the bacteria itself
A type of lung infection caused by inhaling fungus Histoplasma capsulatum spores. These are found in birds and bat droppings. Usually many people remain without symptoms but with a weak immune system, they develop serious problems.
Histoplasmosis
Remember TB drugs and how you take them, know the regiment
8 weeks then 18 weeks
TST skin test, induration vs susceptibility vs level of contagious
The test is positive when the swelling at the site of injection is more than 5 mm in diameter 48 to 72 hours after injection in people who have a history of contact with infectious TB or in immunocompromised patients. Induration of more than 10 mm in diameter is positive in recent immigrants from countries where TB is prevalent, in medically underserved groups, and in the homeless. For those persons at low risk, induration of more than 15 mm is considered positive
daily productive cough for 3 months or more, in at least 2 consecutive years, overweight, and cyanotic, elevated hemoglobin, peripheral edema, rhonchi and wheezing
Chronic bronchitis
permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, older and thin, severe dyspnea, quiet chest, Xray shows hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms
Emphysema
How do you position someone with a pneumonectomy or thoracic surgery
position on operative side
Trouble shooting for chest tubes
Notify doctor if new or increased air leak present. If drainage tube is disconnected and contaminated, you may submerge the chest tube 1 to 2 inches (2-4 cm) below the surface of a 250 ml bottle of sterile water or saline until a new chest drainage unit is set-up.
Positioning chest tubes
Secure the chest tube in place with a large silk suture (number 1 or 0) Go around the chest tube several times Cinch down to create a small waist on the chest tube Tie many knots Go around a second time and re-secure chest tubes should never accidentally fall out due to inadequately secured tube
How do you perform postural drainage
Each position should be held for a minimum of five minutes. Positions can be done on a bed or on the floor. In each position, your chest should be lower than your hips to allow mucus to drain.
How do you spread the flu
Direct and indirect contact with infected people by coughing, and sneezing and by virus transferred from contaminated hands to objects. Shed for 1 to 2 days prior
Teach your patients with chronic lung diseases on how to eat
small meals, stay sitting up, chew slowly and thoroughly
