Neonatal Hypoglycaemia Flashcards
What is the common effect on blood sugar in the first hours after birth and how is it managed?
- Transient hypoglycaemia
2. Encourage feeding 1st, if <2mmol/L on 2 separate reading despite optimal feeding then NG tube or IV dextrose.
What are the causes of an increased demand for glucose without supply in neonatal hypoglycaemia?
- Prematurity
- IUGR
- Hypothermia
- Infection
- Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
What are the causes of hyperinsulinism in neonatal hypoglycaemia?
- Maternal diabetes mellitus
- Transient neonatal hyperinsulinism
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
What are the endocrinopathies that can cause neonatal hypoglycaemia?
- GH deficiency
2. Congenital adrenal hypoplasia
What are the carbohydrate metabolic disorders than can cause neonatal hypoglycaemia?
- Glycogen storage disease
2. Galactosaemia
What are the clinical features of neonatal hypoglycaemia?
Lethargy, drowsiness, irritability, apnoea, seizures.
What is the blood glucose level diagnostic of neonatal hypoglycaemia?
<2.6mmol/L (<1.4 is severe)
What is the management for neonatal hypoglycaemia?
- Buccal dextrose gel
2. If severe, IV dextrose
