validity

Question 1

what does validity mean?

Answer 1

-refers to if the test in question measures precisely what it aims to measure
-data must be accurate and present some truth compared to others outside the study

Question 2

what does internal validity mean?

Answer 2

-if researcher has measure what they intended to measure
-effects observed due to manipulation of IV rather than extraneous and confounding variables

Question 3

how do demand characteristics affect validity ?

Answer 3

-lower validity
-dont act naturally
-act in a way they think is expected

Question 4

how do EVs affect validity?

Answer 4

-may have unwanted factors impacting results such as the Ps mood

Question 5

what are confounding varibales

Answer 5

-factors that definitely impact results such as how much practice a participant got before a maths test

Question 6

what is meant by external validity?

Answer 6

-factors outside of an investigation generalising to other settings, populations and eras

Question 7

whats meant by ecological validity

Answer 7

-findings generalised from one setting to others (everyday life)

Question 8

what is meant by temporal validity

Answer 8

-whether findings are true overtime
-free from historical bias

Question 9

what is meant by population validity?

Answer 9

-if findings from the studies Ps can be generalised to target population

Question 10

whats meant by mundane realism

Answer 10

-refers to how an experiment mirrors the real world
-(simulated task env is realistic = similar to task env in real world)
-so more ecologically valid

Question 11

what can affect internal validity

Answer 11

-Evs, confounding variables
-e.g gender, demand characterstics,mood on the day,age, time of day, appearance

Question 12

what can affect external validity

Answer 12

-population val
-temporal val
-eco val
-mundane realism

Question 13

whats one way of assessing validity? (face validity)

Answer 13

-whether a test,scale or measure appears on the face of it to measure what its meant to measure
-looking at measuring instrument or asking experts to check it to see if it makes sense.

Question 14

what is another way of assessing validity?(concurrent validity)

Answer 14

-when results obtained in a new test are close too or match those obtained on another recognized and well established test

Question 15

what can we say about correlational data

Answer 15

-if co efficient is 0.80 or more than the new test, it has high concurrent validity

Question 16

one way of improving validity(traingualtion)

Answer 16

-compare results of 2 or more studies of the same thing to see if they are in agreement - demonstrates the validity of the individuals results.
(use diff methods)

Question 17

another way of improving validity (interpretive validity)

Answer 17

-the match between the researchers judgement and the actual Ps perspective (simply if researcher interprets the behavior correctly.

Question 18

why do in depth interviews have low validity?

Answer 18

-lower interpretive validity
-alot to analyse so may misunderstand

Question 19

solution to low valdiity in indpeth interviews

Answer 19

-two researchers
-reduce bais
-more training
-triangualtion

Question 20

how can u improve validity in experiments

Answer 20

-use control grp
-good comaprisons could be cocnluded if change in DV was due to Iv
-standardistaion also reduces particpant reactivity and investiagtor bias

Question 21

how else can u improve validity in experiements

Answer 21

-use of single blind and double blind
-reduce demand characterstics
-double blind means that it reduces DC and invetsgator effects

Question 22

how do u improve validity in questionnaires

Answer 22

-incorporate a lie scale
-to assess the consistency of a respondents response and control effects of social desirbaility
-validity enhanced by ensuring data is anonymous

Question 23

how to improve validity in observations

Answer 23

-covert observations have higher eco validity as researcher is undetected
-more likely to present natural behaviour
-behaviour categories that are too broad could badly impact the validity