Biopsychology

Question 1

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 1

collects, processes and responds to info from the body, coordinates different organs and cells

Question 2

whats the cerebral cortex?

Answer 2

outer layer of the brain which distinguishes human mental function compared to animals.
some animals dont have a brain such as sponges and jellyfish.

Question 3

what does the spinal cord and PNS do?

Answer 3

spinal cord controls reflex actions(e.f remove finger from hot object) and PNS transmits msgs to and from the CNS

Question 4

what is the endocrine system?

Answer 4

works alongside the nervous system, its slower but is in charge of vital functions

Question 5

what are hormones?

Answer 5

are sectreted in the blood stream and go to the target area.

Question 6

what is the pituitary gland?

Answer 6

This is the master gland (in the brain) which controls many vital functions in the body and the secretion of hormones from glands including endocrine glands

Question 7

What is fight or flight?

Answer 7

response in a stressful situation, a mechanism for survival, which turns parasympathetic state in sympathetic state,also experencing physiological changes

Question 8

whats the parasympathetic state known as?

Answer 8

the rest and digest/ the brake

Question 9

whats the adrenal medulla do?

Answer 9

realeses the hormone adrenaline in the sympathetic state

Question 10

functions of the thyroid gland?

Answer 10

it releases thyroxine which controls the metabolic rates e.g heart rate

Question 11

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 11

realses enzymes to help in digestion and produces insulin and glucagon to help control blood sugar levels

Question 12

what are some symptoms of the sympathetic state(crenial)

Answer 12

1.increase heart rate
2.increase breathing rate
3.dilates pupils
4.inhibits saliva production
5.inhibit digestion
6.contracts rectum

Question 13

sympathetic state (sacrial nerves)

Answer 13

1.relax bladder
2.secretes epinephrine(hormone in blood) and norepinephrine (energy release)

Question 14

the parasympathetic state(thermic nerves)

Answer 14

1.decrease heart rate
2.decrease breathing rate
3.stimulates digestion
4.stimulates saliva
5.relaxes rectum
6.constricts pupils

Question 15

parasympathetic (lumber nerves)

Answer 15

1.contracts the bladder
2.erection of genital

Question 16

When impulses are within neurons

Answer 16

electrical

Question 17

impulses between neurons

Answer 17

chemical

Question 18

where do neuro transmitters get released from?

Answer 18

synaptic vesicles

Question 19

neurotransmitters functions

Answer 19

either chemically or electrically and the electrochemical events trigger thoughts, actions and behaviours

Question 20

sensory neuron function

Answer 20

transmits msgs from PNS to cns (long dendrites and short axons)

Question 21

relay neuron function

Answer 21

transmits info from sensory to motor(short dendrites and axons)

Question 22

motor neuron function

Answer 22

transmits msgs from CNS to effectors which are muscles and glands to produce a response( short dendrites and long axons)

Question 23

synaptic transmission

Answer 23

1.impulse travels down the neuron
2. reaches the terminal buttons
3.neurotransmitters fired into the gap via synaptic vescicles
4.taken up by adajcent neuron by binding to receptors
5.electrical impulse travels down the axon

Question 24

neurotransmitters functions

Answer 24

realased from syaptic vesciles, reuptake(going back up terminal buttons) or digested by enzymes.
neurotransmitters DIFFUSE along the synpase

Question 25

function of hypothalamus

Answer 25

controls 8 major hormones -the body temp -water intake

Question 26

pituitary gland

Answer 26

controls the functions of endocrine glands

Question 27

thyroid/parathyroid

Answer 27

-controls metabolism -growth -maturation

Question 28

parathyroid

Answer 28

behind the thyroid and pea sized

Question 29

adrenal

Answer 29

lies behind the kidney -reacts to stressors -controls fat -blood sugar

Question 30

adrenals glands release....

Answer 30

cortisol and aldostrone

Question 31

pancreas function

Answer 31

realeases insulin, -glycogon -somatosatin

Question 32

ovaries...

Answer 32

2 small organs at child birth

Question 33

testes

Answer 33

control spem production and testerone

Question 34

pituitary gland...

Answer 34

master gland pea sized in brain= controls - -growth -blood sugar -hormones -release water -thyroid -blood pressure

Question 35

difference between anterior and posterior

Answer 35

anterior- related to the hypothalamus posterior- secretes oxytocin and ADH

Question 36

what is a hormone?

Answer 36

chemical secreted into the bloodstream for communication

Question 37

What does the autonomic control?

Answer 37

controls metabolism e.g breathing rate and heart rate

Question 38

what does somatic control?

Answer 38

controls the muscles and response by reflexes. Recieves sensory info from receptors.

Question 39

What are the CNS and PNS?

Answer 39

-specialized group of cells in the human body -main internal communication system

Question 40

Process of flight or fight?

Answer 40

1.there is a change in stimuli in the environment 2.sensory receptors receive the change 3.body changes from parasympathetic to sympathetic 4.pituitary gland releases ADH 5.this causes adrenal gland to release adrenaline into the blood stream 6. this arouses physiological changes such as fast heart rate and breathing rate 7. once the stressors has passed the bodys activity reduces and goes back to parasympathetic which is the rest and digest brake.

Question 41

Performance and fight or flight...

Answer 41

When performing fight or flight and the release of adrenaline is good because it increases the performance of tasks we are good at. But, in tasks we not good at it can give a poor outcome due to the stress feeling.

Question 42

what is action potential?

Answer 42

explosion of electrical activity (the resting potential moves forward)

Question 43

function of a neuron

Answer 43

the neuron sends info down the axon away from the cell body

Question 44

What is inhibition?

Answer 44

Negatively charged so less likely to fire e.g serotonin and GABA

Question 45

What is excitory?

Answer 45

Positively charged more likely to fire e.g adrenaline and acetycholine

Question 46

What happens when you touch a hot object?

Answer 46

-The sensory neurons detect this -information is passed along the neuron as an electrical impulse . -Chemicals cross the synapse -trigger elec impulse along inner neuron travels to motor neuron -goes to the effectors e,g muscle, glands to produce response -remove finger

Question 47

knee jerk

Answer 47

1.stimulus hits the knee 2.sense organs in PNS convey message along sensory neuron 3.message reaches CNS and connects to relay 4.transfers to motor to carry msg to effector e.g muscle contracts so knee jerks

Question 48

purpose of nucleus?

Answer 48

-contains gentic info

Question 49

purpose of dendrites?

Answer 49

-carry nerve impulses towards cell body from neigbouring neurons

Question 50

purpose of axons?

Answer 50

-carry nerve impulses away from cell body

Question 51

purpose of myelin sheath?

Answer 51

-fatty layer protecting axons -speed up electrical impulse

Question 52

purpose of nodes of ranvier?

Answer 52

-speed up transmission -forcing it to jump across gaps along axon

Question 53

purpose of terminal buttons?

Answer 53

-communicate with next neuron across the synapse

Question 54

what is summation

Answer 54

-excitory and inhibtory and summed -e.g net effect on post is inhib then post synp is less likely to fire -action potential only triggered if sum of excitory and inhib reaches threshold at one time.