localisation of function of brain

Question 1

what is localistaion vs holistic?

Answer 1

-Broca and Wernicke found specfic areas of the brain are associated with partuclar physical and psychological functions

-holistic is all parts of the brain were involved action and thought

Question 2

what did Broca and wernicke argue about localistaion of function?

Answer 2

-different parts of the brain perform different tasks
and involved parts of the body
-if area of brain becomes damanged the function associated will be affected

Question 3

what are the hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 3

-cerebrum divided into left and right hemisphere
-some physical and psycholgical functions controlled by particular hem (lateralisation)

-left side of body controlled by right hem
-activity on right controlled by left hem

Question 4

what is the cerebal cortex ?

Answer 4

-outer layer of both hemispheres

Question 5

what are the four centres of the hemispheres?

Answer 5

-frontal
-parietal
-occipatal
-temporal

Question 6

what is at the back of the frontal lobe?

Answer 6

-motor area
-controlling voluantary movement
-damage here can result in loss of control over fine movements

Question 7

what is at the front of the parietal lobes?

Answer 7

-somatosensory area
-where sensory info from the skin is presented

Question 8

what is in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain?

Answer 8

-visual area
-info from right visual field to left visual cortex
-and from left visual field to right visual cortex
-so damange to left hem can have blindess to right visual field

Question 9

what is in the temporal lobes?

Answer 9

-auditory area
-analyses speech based info
-damage= partial hearing loss
-may affect ability to comprehend langauge

Question 10

what did broca identify?

Answer 10

-left frontal lobe responsible for speech production
-damage causes aphasia
-slow speech and lack fluency

Question 11

who was Broca’s patient?

Answer 11

-tan
-only word tan could say was tan
-difficulty w prepositions and conjuctions

Question 12

what was wernickes area?

Answer 12

-no problem producing langauge but severe difficulties understanding it
-left temporal lobe damage
-language fluent but meaningless

Question 13

what did temporal lobe damage lead to?

Answer 13

-non sense words being produced

Question 14

what are strengths?

Answer 14

(evidence from neurosurgery)
-damaged areas of brain linked to mental disorders
-surgery on brain last resort treatment
-Doughtery et al found that after surgery follow up of 32 weeks, 30% met the criteria for sucess
-so mental disorders may be localised

(evidence from brain scans)
-peterson et al used brain scans to see how wernickes area was active during listening task
-brocas area active during reading task
-Buckner and Peterson found semnatic and episodic memories reside in diff parts of prefrontal cortex
-so brain functions may be localised

Question 15

weaknesses?

Answer 15

(counterpoint to brain scans)
-Lashley removed areas of cortex in rats that were learning a route around a maze
-no area more important than other areas in rats
-process of learning required every part of the cortex rather being confined to particular area
-supports holisitic instead

(lanaguage localisation questioned)
-FMRI shows lanaguage is distrubuted holistically
-language streams have been identified across the cortex including right hem, thalamus

(case study evidences)
-gage’s case study hard to generalise
-depends on subjective interpretation of researcher