features of science (paradigm) Flashcards
what are the 5 criteria to features of science?
-paradigm
-hypothesis
-falsifiable
-replicability
-objectivity
what can we define a paradigm as being
-shared assumptions and agreed methods within a scientific discpline
what does kuhn(1970)state?
-argues that a subject can only be called a science if theres an agreed ‘global’ theory
-he argued there was 3 stages of science
what are the 3 stages of science according to KUHN?
-pre science
-normal science
-science revolution
what is the first stage?
-pre science= no paradigm exists and theres debate about what the subject is and its theoritical approach
why did kuhn say psych was a pre science
-lacks a universally accepted paradigm, marked by too many internal disagreements and has alot of conflicting approaches to qualify as a science.
what is a normal science?
-generally accepted paradigm accounting for all phenomena related to the subject and can explain and interpret all findings.
what is a scientific revolution?
-evidence against the old paradigm reaches a certain point
theres a paradigm shift
-the old paradigm replaced by a new one
why are theories important in science?
-set of general princples that can explain a event/behaviour
what principles do theories satisfy in science
-order and direction
how do theories satisfy order
-scientists believe that events in our world arent random and are ordered and can be predicted
how do theories satisfy direction
-theories organise facts. find regularities and patterns, condense these into general principles
why is order and direction rare in psych
-because people have free will
why are theories vaulable
-they produce a basis for research
-theory construction occurs from gathering empirical evidence through evidence and direct observations.
-you can then make a hypothesis that can be scientfiically tested
