dealing w offences; custodial sentencing

Question 1

whats custodial sentencing

Answer 1

spending time in prison or another closed insitiution

Question 2

whats deterrence

Answer 2

-put off criminal from engaging in deviant behvaiour
-GENERAL= sendings a msg to society that bhevaiour wont be tolerated
-INDIVIDUAL= prevent the individual from repeating same crime
(conditions thru vircarious reinforement)

Question 3

what is retriubution

Answer 3

-society enacting revenge to make offedner suffer
-level of suffering should be ewual to severity of the crime

Question 4

what is incapactation

Answer 4

-take offender out of society (protect the public)
-depends on how serious the crime is

Question 5

what is rehabilitation

Answer 5

-reform the offender (learn new atititude s/values stop being criminal)
-prison provide opporutnity to develop skills . access treatment and reflect on crime

Question 6

what are the psychological effects of custodial sentences

Answer 6

stress , institutionalsiation, prisonisation

Question 7

what is stress and depression

Answer 7

-sucice and self harm rates higher in prisons

Question 8

what is institiutionalsiation

Answer 8

-adapted to norms and vlaues or prison routine so cannot ducntion well outside

Question 9

what is prisonisation

Answer 9

-behvaiours unacceptable outisde of prison are encouraged via socialisation into ‘ inmate code’

Question 10

what is the problem of recidivism

Answer 10

-refers to re offending rates
- ministery of jsutice noted UK figure is ab 45%
-US, denamrk have around 65%

Question 11

key idea of norweign prisons

Answer 11

-some of the lowest rates of recidivism at 20%
-less empahsis on harsh priosns but on rehab and develop skills

Question 12

what are the weaknesses of custodial sentencing

Answer 12

(psychological effects)
-prison can be a brutal and demeaning place
-ministry of justice= 119 ppl killed themselves in prison
-suicide rates 9x higher
-25% of women and 15% men reported psychosis
-prison can have negative health impact which may imapct rehab

(school for crime)
-may learn to become criminals
-younger inmates learn tricks from more experienced inmates
-differential association theory
-may gain cirminals conacts who they follow up with upon realease
-undermine attempt of rehabing prisoners so re offence is likely

Question 13

strengths of custodial sentencing

Answer 13

(counterpoint to psycholgical effects)
-figures dont include number of inamates who felt emotional problems before coming to prison
-we dont know if its acc due to the prison regime or trauma
-may be confounding varibales infulecning link between prison and psych effects

(training and treatment)
-rehab can reform peoples character and lead to a less crime filled life
-increase in ED and skills can increase opportunity to employment
-SHIRLEY those in eductaion programmes 43% less likely to re offend nd less violence noted by them

Question 14

how can we discuss the purpose of prison

Answer 14

-ONEPOL(2015) 47% saw prison as punishing for wrong doing
-many saw prison regimes as too soft to deter offenders
-40% said prison should be for rehab so people can reintergate into society
-overcrowding and funding is a barrier