cultural variations in attachment Flashcards
-what is individualist community?
-western, inpendance, importance on individual
step one of SS?
-care giver takes infant into lab room to explore
-tests exploration and secure base
step two of SS?
-stranger enters and approaches the infant
-stranger anxiety
step three of SS
-the caregiver leaves unobtrusively and stranger interacts with infant
-tests separation and stranger anxiety
step four of SS
-caregiver returns and stranger leaves
-tests reunion and exploration/base
step five of SS
-caregiver leaves so infant is alone
-tests separation anxiety
step six of SS
-stranger enters and interacts w infant
-stranger anxiety
step seven of SS
-caregiver returns and greets infant
-tests reunion behavior
what is communist community?
-interdependance, work together, share, childrearing, groups live and work together
key point of the cross cultural variations in attachment?
-bowlby suggests attachment enhances survival
-secure attachment should then be most common for all despite culture (attachment is innate)
-if not every culture has secure attachment then attachment isnt innate and actually due to child rearing methods
what is the middle ground in cross cultural variations attachment?
-variation between cultures related to specific cultural child rearing practices but some common ground e.g dominance of secure attachment
what did Van ljzendoom and kroonenberg do?
-study to look at secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
-look at variations within cultures
-32 studies of SS
-8 countries
-1990 children
-meta analysed(analysed and weighed up)
what were Van ljzendoom and kroonenberg findings?
-wide variation in attachment
-secure common
-proportion varied = 75% britain and 50% china
-individualist countries under 14%
-collectivist above 25%
what did the italian study simonelli do?
-70 babies aged 12months
- in SS
what were the findings of the italian study simonelli do?
-50% were secure
-36% insecure avoidant
-higher than previous studies(insecure a)
-this bc young mothers worked alot and turn to professional day care
what did the korean study Jin et al do?
-ss on 87 babies
-most secure
-most insecure resistant and one avoidant
-similar to japan as they have similar child rearing styles
what can we conclude from cultural variations?
-SECURE ATTACHMENT= innate, universal and wide in many cultures
-BUT cultural practices have infulence of attachment type.
evaluation limitations of cultural variations
(confounding variables)
-not usually matched in methodolgy; meta analysis
-e.g confounding factors; poverty, class, age
-room and toys for exploration different
-e.g less proxmixity seeking bc of room size might make a child more likely to be classified as avoidant
-more attractive toys
- non matching studies wont say much ab cross cultural patterns.
-makes it invalid
(imposed etic)
-cant assume one ideas culture works for other
-britain and us if theres lack of affection in reunion then its AVOIDANT **
-germany-** seen as INPENDENCE **
-MEASURED behavior not the same meaning in all countries
-theres diff cultural context so comparing is meaning less.
(competing explanations)
-alternative explanation
-media presents particular view of how parents and babies should behave
-may override traditional cultural differences in the way some kids are brought up
evaluation of strenghts of cultural variations
e.g takahashi was japanese
kroonberg was working w a german team
-same background as participants
-avoid mis interpretations
-less chance of** language barrier**
-reduce bias e.g stereotypes
-good communication enhances validity
What type of attachment are germany, japan and USA?
Germany- type A
Japan-type C
USA- type B
