psychological therapy for SP Flashcards
how does CBT work
-5-20 sessions
-Groups or on individual basis.
Aims to deal with both thoughts and behaviours.
-Make sense of how their irrational cognitions such as delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behavior.
how does a therapist go about CBT
Understanding symptom origins can help patients manage conditions like auditory hallucinations. For example, a therapist can explain that voices stem from a malfunctioning speech center in the brain rather than external forces, reducing fear and distress.
what does cbt not do
does not eliminate symptoms but makes people better able to cope with them, reducing their distress and improving their ability to function adequately.
what are the techniques used by therapist to make CBT work
Normalisation and Delusions can also be challenged by a process of reality testing.
how does normalisaiton work
people hearing voices can also be helped by teaching them that voice-hearing is an extension of the ordinary experience of thinking in words.
how does process of reality testing work
- examine the likelihood that beliefs are true. Some delusions may be resistant to reality testing but CBT can still help to tackle the anxiety and depression cause by living with Sp
what is turkingtons example of CBT to challenge patients delusions
Patient: The Mafia are chasing me
Therapist: you are clearly frightened. How do you know it’s the Mafia chasing you?
Patient: Do you think it’s the Mafia?
Therapist: Well it’s possible, but there are more likely explanations. Let’s consider the chances of them coming to this country to chase you.
what is chadwick et als example into the effectiveness of CBT
they describe a study where a patient believes that they can predict the future. The therapist presented a deck of cards, and asked the patient to predict the cards before they were turned over. As the cards were turned over, and the predictions failed, the patient was confronted with the fact that they were not able to predict the cards after all.
strengths of CBT
-Jauhar et al (2014) reviewed 34 studies of using CBT with SP
-there is clear evidence for small but significant effects on both positive and negative symptoms.
Pontillo et al (2016) found reductions in frequency and severity of auditory hallucinations.
Clinical evidence from NICE(2019) recommends CBT for Schizophrenia.
This means that both research and clinical experience support the benefits of CBT for Schizophrenia.
Limitations of CBT
CBT techniques and Sp symptoms vary greatly from one case to another. Thomas (2015) points out that different studies have involved the use of different CBT techniques and people with different combinations of positive and negative symptoms.
The modest benefits of CBT probably conceal a wide variety of effects of different CBT techniques on different symptoms.
This makes it hard to say how effective CBT will be for a particular person with Schizophrenia.
does CBT cure?
CBT improves quality of life but does not cure schizophrenia, a largely biological condition. While primarily aiding coping, studies show it can also reduce symptom severity, suggesting CBT actively helps patients manage and improve their condition.
how does family therapy contirbute to SP
Family therapy is carried out with all or some members of a family improve the communication and interaction between family members to reduce the stress of living as a family.
why is family therapy key
range of strategies that family therapists use to try to improve the functioning of a family that has a member w sp
what does family therapy do
reduce negative emotions and improve familys ability to help
how does family therapy reduce negative emotions
reduce the levels of expressed emotion such as anger and guilt which cause stress. Reducing stress reduces the likelihood of relapse.
how does family T improve familys ability to help
therapist encourages family members to form a therapeutic alliance whereby they all agree on the aims of therapy.
what does family therapy aim to achieve
-improve families beliefs about behaviour towards Sp.
-Family members are also encouraged to achieve a balance between caring for the individual with Sp and maintaining their own lives.
Burbach (2018) proposed a model for working with families? which is???
(phase 1,2,3?)
Phase 1- sharing basic information and providing emotional and practical support.
Phase 2- identifying resources including what different family members can and cannot offer.
Phase 3- aims to encourage mutual understanding , create a safe space for all members to express their feelings.
what is phase 4,5? of burbach
Phase 4- identifying unhelpful patterns of interaction.
Phase 5- skills training such as learning stress management techniques.
what is phase 6 and 7 of burbach?
Phase 6- relapse prevention.
Phase 7- maintenance for the future.
strengths of family therapy?
(effectiveness evidence)
- Mcfarlane (2016) concluded that family therapy was one of the most consistently effective treatments available for Sp
-Relapse rates were found to be reduced by 50-60%.
-Clinical evidence from NICE* recommends family therapy for everyone with a diagnosis of Sp.
-family therapy is likely to be of benefit to people with both early and full blown Sp.
(benefits for the whole family)
Lobban and Barrowclough (2016) highlight that family therapy benefits the entire family, not just the patient. Since families provide most care for individuals with sp, strengthening family functioning reduces its negative impact and enhances their ability to offer support.
what matters most the economic or therapuetic side
-family therapy reduces relapse rates and makes families better able to provide the bulk of care
-so it has huge economic benefits. The state doesn’t not need to pay so much.
-but it also has very significant therapeutic benefits for people with Sp and their families.
