Unit4- 6.3~ Malfunctions of eye and ear

Question 1

What is deafness?

Answer 1

An inability to hear or hearing difficulties

Question 2

What are the types of hearing loss?

Answer 2

• Conductive hearing loss: Occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves along the route through the ear. This occurs in conjunction with sensorineural hearing loss or alone
• Sensorineural hearing loss: Is a type of loss/deafness which the root cause lies in the inner ear or sensory organ or the vestibulocochlear nerve or neural part. SNHL accounts for 90% of hearing loss

Question 3

What factors cause hearing loss?

Answer 3

• Sudden hearing loss due to earwax, an ear infection, a burst eardrum
• Sudden hearing loss from damage from loud noise or certain medicines
• Gradual hearing loss due to interal- fluid, bony growth, build up of skin cells
• Gradual hearing loss due to ageing or exposure to loud noise

Question 4

What are the symptoms for hearing loss?

Answer 4

• Difficult hearing people, misunderstandings
• Asking those to repeat themselves
• Listening to music, TV loudly
• Concentrate hard to hear others

Question 5

What is cataracts?

Answer 5

A clouding of the eyes lens that can cause foggy, blurry vision

Question 6

What factors cause cataracts?

Answer 6

• Family history
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Eye injury
• long-term use of steroids
• Too much alcohol

Question 7

What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Answer 7

• Blurred eyesights
• Lights too bright or glaring
• Harder to see in low light
• Colours look faded

Question 8

What are the lifestyle changes of cataracts?

Answer 8

• Stronger glasses and brughter reading lights may help
• Surgery to remove and replace affected lense
• Surgery is the only treatment thats proven to be effective

Question 9

What are the lifestyle effects of cataracts?

Answer 9

• Driving is affected
• Reading/swelling
• Glasses are needed after surgery

Question 10

What is childhood cataracts?

Answer 10

Referred to as:
* Congenital cataracts- Presented when a baby is born or afterwarfs
* Developmental, infantile or juvenile cataracts- diagnosed in older babies/children.
* Affect between 3 and 4 in every 10000 children

Question 11

What is glaucoma?

Answer 11

A chronic eye disease that damages the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain

Question 12

What factors cause glaucoma?

Answer 12

• Build up of pressure in the eye when fluid is unable to drain properly
• This increases pressure and damages the nerve connected to eye and brain

Question 13

What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

Answer 13

• Doesnt cause symptoms to begin with
• Dvelops over years and affects the edges of your vision
• Blurred vision
• Seeing rainbow coloured circles around bright lights

Question 14

What are the lifestyle changes/Effects of glaucoma?

Answer 14

• Acute angle closure glaucoma- uncommed type caused by drainage in the eye becoming sunddenly blocked, can raise pressure in eye
• Secondary glaucoma- rare type that occurs in young children caused by abnormality of the eye
• can cause blindness
• Driving is affected

Question 15

What is Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

Answer 15

A condition that affects the vision of the middle part of the eye

Question 16

What factors cause AMD?

Answer 16

• Caused by a problem with the macula, a spot at the centre of the retina
• As you age the light-sensitive cells in macula start to break down

Question 17

What are the symptoms of AMD?

Answer 17

• Blurring of central vision
• Lose visual acuity: ability to see fine detail
• Lose contrast sensitivity: Able to distinguish between objects like face adn background
• Images, writing, faces can become disorted in the centre

Question 18

What is wet AMD?

Answer 18

Known as advanced neovascular AMD, less common than AMD that occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow in the macula

Question 19

What is dry AMD?

Answer 19

• Known as atrophic AMD and is more common that occurs when the macula thins over time