Unit4- 3.4~ Absorption and assimilation

Question 1

What is the process of absorption?

Answer 1

• Absorption is the process where small food particles pass through the gut lining into the bloodstream or lymphatic system
• Absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine, where villi and microvilli increase the surface area
• Nutrient absorption is facilitated by diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
• Nutrients such as glucose, vitamins, and amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream through diffusion or active transport
• Water and mineral ions are mainly absorbed through osmosis
• Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which are absorbed by the lymphatic system through the villi

Question 2

What is the process of assimilation?

Answer 2

• In assimilation, absorbed nutrients are delivered to cells, where they are stored or used for energy, growth, repair, and the production of essential substances
• The liver receives blood from the digestive tract, storing excess nutrients or releasing them as needed
• Glucose from carbohydrates can be used for immediate energy or stored as glycogen for later use.
• Amino acids from proteins are used for cell growth, repair, and the production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
• Fats are stored in adipose tissue and used for energy when needed